Our study investigates how tropical marine ecosystems responded to climate change during the Eocene–Oligocene transition (~34 Ma). Based on microfossil and geochemical data from a Caribbean drill core, we identify enhanced terrigenous input, increased surface productivity, changes in carbonate preservation, and reduced deep-water oxygenation. Likely driven by global cooling and sea-level fall, these shifts offer new insights into low-latitude paleoenvironmental change.

The tectonic setting of the Deşli Caira section that was overlooked by Martyn Golding in his paper on the Olenekian/Anisian conodonts from the Deşli Caira section (Romania) is clarified. The sedimentary succession is faulted, but the offset is very minor and easy to detect. Unfortunately the author did not take the fault into account; therefore, the stratigraphic position of his samples is uncertain. 

The story of Cyprideis pannonica offers a fascinating insight into how environmental change shapes biodiversity. Over 2 million years, this tiny ostracod adapted to habitats that transformed from a sea into a lake. Originally varied in shape and size, Cyprideis diversified into many species during periods of ecological complexity. These findings demonstrate that even small organisms can reveal big evolutionary patterns – linking habitat changes, speciation, and adaptation within a dynamic landscape.

A study on Ordovician chitinozoans from South China was conducted. A total of 13 genera and 31 taxa are recognised, including 3 new taxa. Systematic and biostratigraphic remarks are provided for key or disputed taxa to foster our understanding of their classification and biostratigraphy. Furthermore, network analysis is applied for the first time to assess their palaeoenvironmental significance, yielding positive results that highlight a promising new research direction in chitinozoan studies.

We studied how artificial intelligence can speed up the study of tiny ocean organisms called benthic foraminifera, whose shells help scientists understand past ocean changes. Normally, identifying and counting them under a microscope takes a lot of time and skill. Here, we compared automated image analysis and human counting for 31 samples. The automated method showed promising results for faster and reliable research.

Benthic foraminifera from sediment cores collected in the Gulf of Cadiz were analysed to track ocean changes between 1014 and 761 kyr ago. Our results reveal shifts in species composition throughout the climate cycles. Oxygen loss occurred in the Mediterranean Outflow Water during warmer periods when solar insolation was intensified and productivity was higher. During cold periods, stronger bottom currents were identified by sand content and the abundance of the species Planulina ariminensis.

We developed a new global database of microscopic fossil algae, known as calcareous nannoplankton, from Cretaceous ocean sediments to improve the understanding of ancient oceans and climate change. By integrating data from numerous published studies and standardising species names and ages, we created the Uneptune database with about 175 000 fossil records. Hosted on the Nannotax website, it provides visualisation tools that help scientists explore global marine ecosystems during the Cretaceous.

Toweius was among the most widespread and important calcareous nannoplankton groups in the oceans 53 million years ago, playing a key role in the evolutionary transition to another prominent group during the Cenozoic (Reticulofenestra). Using detailed biometric measurements with high-resolution imaging, we describe a distinctive, smaller morphotype of Toweius. Our results indicate that this form evolved gradually through speciation, shedding light on the complex evolutionary dynamics of Toweius.

The Eocene–Oligocene transition was a pivotal interval in Earth's geological history, marked by cooling and Antarctic glaciation. Our research explores how Southern Ocean diatoms responded to these changes. By analyzing records from multiple sites, we revealed previously unrecognized diatom diversity, and identified distinct patterns in diversity and extinction. These findings deepen our understanding of the interplay between climatic perturbations and the biosphere.

Using the FORCIS database, we mapped the distribution of planktonic goraminifera that record past ocean conditions. Our study reveals that these species mostly inhabit the upper ocean and thrive in waters ranging from −2 °C to over 31 °C. Their range is shifting, with species once limited to warm regions now appearing in cooler areas and smaller species increasing in number. This work refines our view of their biogeography and how climate change is reshaping ocean life.

Tiny fossils aged 40 x 10⁶ years from an Italian rock section show that the ancient sea's environment was mostly stable. A global warming event caused wetter periods and river runoff into this sea. The study also provides fossil photos and introduces new types, important for future research.

Well-preserved fossils of Schizopholis were found in the Tsinghsutung Formation of Cambrian Series 2, Stage 4 in Songtao County, Guizhou Province by etching limestones with 3–5% acetic acid. This is the first systematic description of S. yorkensis from South China, and we extend its palaeobiogeographical distribution. Palaeobiogeographical analysis indicates that Schizopholis was predominantly distributed in low-latitude regions and reached its highest abundance/diversity level during the Cambrian Age 4.

The Northwest European Shelf plays a key role in the global carbon cycle. To assess its past role, we want to reconstruct primary productivity using microfossils. By comparing surface sediment assemblages with sediment properties and modern environmental conditions, we found a good microfossil-based indicator for primary productivity. This indicator will be useful to reconstruct productivity in the past Northwest European Shelf.

The Maastrichtian–Danian record at Cerro Azul (Argentina) shows shifts in planktic foraminiferal assemblages and sea surface temperatures (SSTs) (TEX^H₈₆) tied to the K–Pg (Cretaceous–Paleogene) extinction. Guembelitriid dominance and high-latitude affinity define the early Danian, with Antarcticella pauciloculata present. At 45 cm above the boundary, tropical species appear with a ~1.5 °C SST rise, signalling initial post-extinction climatic recovery.

Oligocene fossils were retrieved from a Miocene deposit. Authors stated that their age should expand into the Miocene accordingly. Miocene age was not directly retrieved from the studied deposits but from a nearby outcrop not clearly connected to the studied succession. We argue that transportation events might have simply reworked Oligocene fossils into the Miocene material, as commonly occurs in ramp environments.

The paper describes the foraminifera of the Eocene in the area of the Hampshire Basin and the English Channel. Hyperthermal events (Early Eocene Climatic Optimum (EECO)) Late Lutetian Thermal Event (LLTE), and Middle Eocene Climatic Optimum (MECO)) are discussed and set in the context of global climate change in the Paleogene.

This study explores how climate-driven changes in water balance affected an ancient lake during the Jurassic in Patagonia, and influenced how plant and algal material were deposited and preserved. By combining field observations with palynological analysis, we identified shifts between wetter and drier periods. These shifts controlled lake size, water conditions, and the type and amount of organic matter preserved, improving our understanding of how ancient lake systems record environmental change.

Evolutionary developmental biology aims to uncover mechanisms behind how species change over time, with shape analysis being a key tool. To address slow, manual data collection, we tested AutoMorph, a high-throughput imaging pipeline, on two ostracod species from six Tibetan Plateau lakes. The pipeline successfully extracted size and shape data automatically, reducing processing time and minimizing bias, enabling large-scale datasets for investigating evolutionary and ecological processes.

This study examines tiny fossils preserved in rocks from western Hubei and eastern Chongqing in South China to determine the age and continuity of Late Permian strata. By comparing fossil occurrences from several measured rock sections, we show that key rock layers were deposited continuously over time. Our results clarify when organic-rich rocks formed, helping to better understand regional geological history and providing useful time constraints for evaluating energy resource potential.

This study develops a semi-automated workflow using artificial intelligence to detect and classify Devonian miospores in microscopic slides. Focusing on three biostratigraphically important species used for dating rocks and correlating distant localities, the method achieved high accuracy, reduced observer bias, and accelerated analysis. This workflow offers a scalable tool for research and potential industrial applications in fossil-based stratigraphy.