Articles | Volume 39, issue 2
https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-39-117-2020
© Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-39-117-2020
© Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
27 Jul 2020
Research article |
| 27 Jul 2020
| 27 Jul 2020
New composite bio- and isotope stratigraphies spanning the Middle Eocene Climatic Optimum at tropical ODP Site 865 in the Pacific Ocean
School of Earth and Ocean Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10
3AT, UK
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of
Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
Steven M. Bohaty
Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre Southampton,
University of Southampton, SO14 3ZH, UK
Helen K. Coxall
Department of Geological Sciences, Stockholm University, 106 91,
Stockholm, Sweden
Paul R. Bown
Department of Earth Sciences, University College London, London, WC1E
6BT, UK
Sietske J. Batenburg
Géosciences Rennes, UMR 6118, CNRS, University of Rennes, Rennes, France
Caroline H. Lear
School of Earth and Ocean Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10
3AT, UK
Paul N. Pearson
School of Earth and Ocean Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10
3AT, UK
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Sudeep Kanungo, Paul R. Bown, Jeremy R. Young, and Andrew S. Gale
J. Micropalaeontol., 37, 231–247, https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-37-231-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-37-231-2018, 2018
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Joost Frieling, Gert-Jan Reichart, Jack J. Middelburg, Ursula Röhl, Thomas Westerhold, Steven M. Bohaty, and Appy Sluijs
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Paul N. Pearson and IODP Expedition 363 Shipboard Scientific
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Martin Jakobsson, Christof Pearce, Thomas M. Cronin, Jan Backman, Leif G. Anderson, Natalia Barrientos, Göran Björk, Helen Coxall, Agatha de Boer, Larry A. Mayer, Carl-Magnus Mörth, Johan Nilsson, Jayne E. Rattray, Christian Stranne, Igor Semiletov, and Matt O'Regan
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The Arctic and Pacific oceans are connected by the presently ~53 m deep Bering Strait. During the last glacial period when the sea level was lower than today, the Bering Strait was exposed. Humans and animals could then migrate between Asia and North America across the formed land bridge. From analyses of sediment cores and geophysical mapping data from Herald Canyon north of the Bering Strait, we show that the land bridge was flooded about 11 000 years ago.
Rosie M. Sheward, Alex J. Poulton, Samantha J. Gibbs, Chris J. Daniels, and Paul R. Bown
Biogeosciences, 14, 1493–1509, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-1493-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-1493-2017, 2017
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Our culture experiments on modern Coccolithophores find that physiology regulates shifts in the geometry of their carbonate shells (coccospheres) between growth phases. This provides a tool to access growth information in modern and past populations. Directly comparing modern species with fossil coccospheres derives a new proxy for investigating the physiology that underpins phytoplankton responses to environmental change through geological time.
Rosanna Greenop, Mathis P. Hain, Sindia M. Sosdian, Kevin I. C. Oliver, Philip Goodwin, Thomas B. Chalk, Caroline H. Lear, Paul A. Wilson, and Gavin L. Foster
Clim. Past, 13, 149–170, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-149-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-149-2017, 2017
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Understanding the boron isotopic composition of seawater (δ11Bsw) is key to calculating absolute estimates of CO2 using the boron isotope pH proxy. Here we use the boron isotope gradient, along with an estimate of pH gradient, between the surface and deep ocean to show that the δ11Bsw varies by ~ 2 ‰ over the past 23 million years. This new record has implications for both δ11Bsw and CO2 records and understanding changes in the ocean isotope composition of a number of ions through time.
Daniel J. Lunt, Matthew Huber, Eleni Anagnostou, Michiel L. J. Baatsen, Rodrigo Caballero, Rob DeConto, Henk A. Dijkstra, Yannick Donnadieu, David Evans, Ran Feng, Gavin L. Foster, Ed Gasson, Anna S. von der Heydt, Chris J. Hollis, Gordon N. Inglis, Stephen M. Jones, Jeff Kiehl, Sandy Kirtland Turner, Robert L. Korty, Reinhardt Kozdon, Srinath Krishnan, Jean-Baptiste Ladant, Petra Langebroek, Caroline H. Lear, Allegra N. LeGrande, Kate Littler, Paul Markwick, Bette Otto-Bliesner, Paul Pearson, Christopher J. Poulsen, Ulrich Salzmann, Christine Shields, Kathryn Snell, Michael Stärz, James Super, Clay Tabor, Jessica E. Tierney, Gregory J. L. Tourte, Aradhna Tripati, Garland R. Upchurch, Bridget S. Wade, Scott L. Wing, Arne M. E. Winguth, Nicky M. Wright, James C. Zachos, and Richard E. Zeebe
Geosci. Model Dev., 10, 889–901, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-10-889-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-10-889-2017, 2017
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In this paper we describe the experimental design for a set of simulations which will be carried out by a range of climate models, all investigating the climate of the Eocene, about 50 million years ago. The intercomparison of model results is called 'DeepMIP', and we anticipate that we will contribute to the next IPCC report through an analysis of these simulations and the geological data to which we will compare them.
Sietske J. Batenburg, David De Vleeschouwer, Mario Sprovieri, Frederik J. Hilgen, Andrew S. Gale, Brad S. Singer, Christian Koeberl, Rodolfo Coccioni, Philippe Claeys, and Alessandro Montanari
Clim. Past, 12, 1995–2009, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-1995-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-1995-2016, 2016
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The relative contributions of astronomical forcing and tectonics to ocean anoxia in the Cretaceous are unclear. This study establishes the pacing of Late Cretaceous black cherts and shales. We present a 6-million-year astrochronology from the Furlo and Bottaccione sections in Italy that spans the Cenomanian–Turonian transition and OAE2. Together with a new radioisotopic age for the mid-Cenomanian event, we show that astronomical forcing determined the timing of these carbon cycle perturbations.
Oliver Friedrich, Sietske J. Batenburg, Kazuyoshi Moriya, Silke Voigt, Cécile Cournède, Iris Möbius, Peter Blum, André Bornemann, Jens Fiebig, Takashi Hasegawa, Pincelli M. Hull, Richard D. Norris, Ursula Röhl, Thomas Westerhold, Paul A. Wilson, and IODP Expedition
Clim. Past Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2016-51, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2016-51, 2016
Manuscript not accepted for further review
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A lack of knowledge on the timing of Late Cretaceous climatic change inhibits our understanding of underlying causal mechanisms. Therefore, we used an expanded deep ocean record from the North Atlantic that shows distinct sedimentary cyclicity suggesting orbital forcing. A high-resolution carbon-isotope record from bulk carbonates allows to identify global trends in the carbon cycle. Our new carbon isotope record and the established cyclostratigraphy may serve as a future reference site.
K. M. Pascher, C. J. Hollis, S. M. Bohaty, G. Cortese, R. M. McKay, H. Seebeck, N. Suzuki, and K. Chiba
Clim. Past, 11, 1599–1620, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-11-1599-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-11-1599-2015, 2015
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Radiolarian taxa with high-latitude affinities are present from at least the middle Eocene in the SW Pacific and become very abundant in the late Eocene at all investigated sites. A short incursion of low-latitude taxa is observed during the MECO and late Eocene warming event at Site 277. Radiolarian abundance, diversity and taxa with high-latitude affinities increase at Site 277 in two steps in the latest Eocene due to climatic cooling and expansion of cold water masses.
T. Westerhold, U. Röhl, T. Frederichs, S. M. Bohaty, and J. C. Zachos
Clim. Past, 11, 1181–1195, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-11-1181-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-11-1181-2015, 2015
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Testing hypotheses for mechanisms and dynamics of past climate change relies on the accuracy of geological dating. Development of a highly accurate geological timescale for the Cenozoic Era has previously been hampered by discrepancies between radioisotopic and astronomical dating methods, as well as a stratigraphic gap in the middle Eocene. We close this gap and provide a fundamental advance in establishing a reliable and highly accurate geological timescale for the last 66 million years.
P. N. Pearson and E. Thomas
Clim. Past, 11, 95–104, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-11-95-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-11-95-2015, 2015
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The Paleocene-to-Eocene thermal maximum was a period of extreme global warming caused by perturbation to the global carbon cycle 56Mya. Evidence from marine sediment cores has been used to suggest that the onset of the event was very rapid, over just 11 years of annually resolved sedimentation. However, we argue that the supposed annual layers are an artifact caused by drilling disturbance, and that the microfossil content of the cores shows the onset took in the order of thousands of years.
Paul N. Pearson, Sam L. Evans, and James Evans
J. Micropalaeontol., 34, 59–64, https://doi.org/10.1144/jmpaleo2013-032, https://doi.org/10.1144/jmpaleo2013-032, 2015
P. N. Pearson and W. Hudson
Sci. Dril., 18, 13–17, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-18-13-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-18-13-2014, 2014
C. V. Davis, M. P. S. Badger, P. R. Bown, and D. N. Schmidt
Biogeosciences, 10, 6131–6139, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-6131-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-6131-2013, 2013
Related subject area
Stratigraphy
Bio-sequence stratigraphy of the Neogene: an example from El-Wastani gas field, onshore Nile Delta, Egypt
Astronomical calibration of late middle Eocene radiolarian bioevents from ODP Site 1260 (equatorial Atlantic, Leg 207) and refinement of the global tropical radiolarian biozonation
Liberating microfossils from indurated carbonates: comparison of three disaggregation methods
Dinocyst and acritarch biostratigraphy of the Late Pliocene to Early Pleistocene at Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Site U1307 in the Labrador Sea
Identification of the Paleocene–Eocene boundary in coastal strata in the Otway Basin, Victoria, Australia
Ramadan M. El-Kahawy, Nabil Aboul-Ela, Ahmed N. El-Barkooky, and Walid G. Kassab
J. Micropalaeontol., 42, 147–169, https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-42-147-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-42-147-2023, 2023
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In this biostratigraphic study of the Middle Miocene–Early Pliocene sequence in the El-Wastani gas field, Egypt, microscopic inspection of the samples enabled the designation of six foraminiferal zones and subzones. Seven stratigraphic sequences have been identified based on the foraminiferal and calcareous nannofossil diversity. Depositional sequences and sequence boundaries are recognized by the integration between the seismic data, biostratigraphic zones, and wireline logs (gamma rays).
Mathias Meunier and Taniel Danelian
J. Micropalaeontol., 41, 1–27, https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-41-1-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-41-1-2022, 2022
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This study presents the biostratigraphic analysis of radiolaria (siliceous zooplankton) from a section of middle Eocene age located in the equatorial Atlantic. Our study allows the refinement of the age of 71 radiolarian bioevents. Based on a comparison with previously reported ages in the equatorial Pacific and northwestern Atlantic, we establish the synchronicity of several bioevents between the two oceans. Some of these synchronous bioevents were used to define seven new subzones.
Charlotte Beasley, Daniel B. Parvaz, Laura Cotton, and Kate Littler
J. Micropalaeontol., 39, 169–181, https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-39-169-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-39-169-2020, 2020
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We compared three methods of breaking apart well-cemented carbonate rocks in order to obtain liberated fossiliferous material. The first two methods are
traditionaland the third is novel to this field. The novel technique (fragmentation using electric pulses, SELFRAG) proved to be the most efficient and effective at liberating microfossil material from surrounding rock. We suggest best practice for using this technique and further materials in which it could prove successful in future.
Aurélie Marcelle Renée Aubry, Stijn De Schepper, and Anne de Vernal
J. Micropalaeontol., 39, 41–60, https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-39-41-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-39-41-2020, 2020
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We used organic-walled microfossils to better define the Plio–Pleistocene transition (2.56 Ma) that is associated with the intensification of the Northern Hemisphere glaciation. The disappearance of species around 2.75 Ma reflects an ecological response accompanying the Greenland ice sheet growth.
A strong regionalism marks the Labrador Sea and suggests cooler conditions than elsewhere in the North Atlantic, although our zone boundaries are contemporaneous with the eastern North Atlantic.
Joost Frieling, Emiel P. Huurdeman, Charlotte C. M. Rem, Timme H. Donders, Jörg Pross, Steven M. Bohaty, Guy R. Holdgate, Stephen J. Gallagher, Brian McGowran, and Peter K. Bijl
J. Micropalaeontol., 37, 317–339, https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-37-317-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-37-317-2018, 2018
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The hothouse climate of the early Paleogene and the associated violent carbon cycle perturbations are of particular interest to understanding current and future global climate change. Using dinoflagellate cysts and stable carbon isotope analyses, we identify several significant events, e.g., the Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum in sedimentary deposits from the Otway Basin, SE Australia. We anticipate that this study will facilitate detailed climate reconstructions west of the Tasmanian Gateway.
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Short summary
We identify the first continuous carbonate-bearing sediment record from the tropical ocean that spans the entirety of the global warming event, the Middle Eocene Climatic Optimum, ca. 40 Ma. We determine significant mismatches between middle Eocene calcareous microfossil datums from the tropical Pacific Ocean and established low-latitude zonation schemes. We highlight the potential of ODP Site 865 for future investigations into environmental and biotic changes throughout the early Paleogene.
We identify the first continuous carbonate-bearing sediment record from the tropical ocean that...
