Articles | Volume 43, issue 1
https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-43-165-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-43-165-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
18 Jun 2024
Research article |
| 18 Jun 2024
| 18 Jun 2024
South Georgia marine productivity over the past 15 ka and implications for glacial evolution
Jack T. R. Wilkin
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Penryn, TR10 9EZ, UK
British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge, CB3 0ET, UK
Sev Kender
Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Penryn, TR10 9EZ, UK
British Geological Survey, Nottingham, NG12 5GG, UK
Rowan Dejardin
School of Geographical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1SS, UK
Claire S. Allen
British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge, CB3 0ET, UK
Victoria L. Peck
British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge, CB3 0ET, UK
George E. A. Swann
School of Geography, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
Erin L. McClymont
Department of Geography, Durham University, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
James D. Scourse
Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Penryn, TR10 9EZ, UK
Kate Littler
Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Penryn, TR10 9EZ, UK
Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn, TR10 9EZ, UK
Melanie J. Leng
British Geological Survey, Nottingham, NG12 5GG, UK
School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, NE12 5RD, UK
Related authors
No articles found.
Martina L. G. Conti, Paul G. Butler, David J. Reynolds, Tamara Trofimova, James D. Scourse, and Kirsty E. H. Penkman
Geochronology, 6, 175–198, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-6-175-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-6-175-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The mollusc Arctica islandica can survive for hundreds of years, and its annual growth captures environmental conditions, each shell providing a detailed climatic record. Dating is essential for sample selection, but radiocarbon and cross-dating are laborious and costly. Alternatively, amino acid geochronology was investigated in the three aragonitic layers of the shells. This study confirms the value of AAG in the iOSL layer as a method for range-finder dating Quaternary A. islandica shells.
Lauren E. Burton, Alan M. Haywood, Julia C. Tindall, Aisling M. Dolan, Daniel J. Hill, Erin L. McClymont, Sze Ling Ho, and Heather L. Ford
Clim. Past, 20, 1177–1194, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-1177-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-1177-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The Pliocene (~ 3 million years ago) is of interest because its warm climate is similar to projections of the future. We explore the role of atmospheric carbon dioxide in forcing sea surface temperature during the Pliocene by combining climate model outputs with palaeoclimate proxy data. We investigate whether this role changes seasonally and also use our data to suggest a new estimate of Pliocene climate sensitivity. More data are needed to further explore the results presented.
Philip Meister, Anne Alexandre, Hannah Bailey, Philip Barker, Boris K. Biskaborn, Ellie Broadman, Rosine Cartier, Bernhard Chapligin, Martine Couapel, Jonathan R. Dean, Bernhard Diekmann, Poppy Harding, Andrew C. G. Henderson, Armand Hernandez, Ulrike Herzschuh, Svetlana S. Kostrova, Jack Lacey, Melanie J. Leng, Andreas Lücke, Anson W. Mackay, Eniko Katalin Magyari, Biljana Narancic, Cécile Porchier, Gunhild Rosqvist, Aldo Shemesh, Corinne Sonzogni, George E. A. Swann, Florence Sylvestre, and Hanno Meyer
Clim. Past, 20, 363–392, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-363-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-363-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This paper presents the first comprehensive compilation of diatom oxygen isotope records in lake sediments (δ18OBSi), supported by lake basin parameters. We infer the spatial and temporal coverage of δ18OBSi records and discuss common hemispheric trends on centennial and millennial timescales. Key results are common patterns for hydrologically open lakes in Northern Hemisphere extratropical regions during the Holocene corresponding to known climatic epochs, i.e. the Holocene Thermal Maximum.
Tobias Roylands, Robert G. Hilton, Erin L. McClymont, Mark H. Garnett, Guillaume Soulet, Sébastien Klotz, Mathis Degler, Felipe Napoleoni, and Caroline Le Bouteiller
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 271–299, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-271-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-271-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Chemical weathering of sedimentary rocks can release carbon dioxide and consume oxygen. We present a new field-based method to measure the exchange of these gases in real time, which allows us to directly compare the amount of reactants and products. By studying two sites with different rock types, we show that the chemical composition is an important factor in driving the weathering reactions. Locally, the carbon dioxide release changes alongside temperature and precipitation.
Stephen P. Hesselbo, Aisha Al-Suwaidi, Sarah J. Baker, Giorgia Ballabio, Claire M. Belcher, Andrew Bond, Ian Boomer, Remco Bos, Christian J. Bjerrum, Kara Bogus, Richard Boyle, James V. Browning, Alan R. Butcher, Daniel J. Condon, Philip Copestake, Stuart Daines, Christopher Dalby, Magret Damaschke, Susana E. Damborenea, Jean-Francois Deconinck, Alexander J. Dickson, Isabel M. Fendley, Calum P. Fox, Angela Fraguas, Joost Frieling, Thomas A. Gibson, Tianchen He, Kat Hickey, Linda A. Hinnov, Teuntje P. Hollaar, Chunju Huang, Alexander J. L. Hudson, Hugh C. Jenkyns, Erdem Idiz, Mengjie Jiang, Wout Krijgsman, Christoph Korte, Melanie J. Leng, Timothy M. Lenton, Katharina Leu, Crispin T. S. Little, Conall MacNiocaill, Miguel O. Manceñido, Tamsin A. Mather, Emanuela Mattioli, Kenneth G. Miller, Robert J. Newton, Kevin N. Page, József Pálfy, Gregory Pieńkowski, Richard J. Porter, Simon W. Poulton, Alberto C. Riccardi, James B. Riding, Ailsa Roper, Micha Ruhl, Ricardo L. Silva, Marisa S. Storm, Guillaume Suan, Dominika Szűcs, Nicolas Thibault, Alfred Uchman, James N. Stanley, Clemens V. Ullmann, Bas van de Schootbrugge, Madeleine L. Vickers, Sonja Wadas, Jessica H. Whiteside, Paul B. Wignall, Thomas Wonik, Weimu Xu, Christian Zeeden, and Ke Zhao
Sci. Dril., 32, 1–25, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-32-1-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-32-1-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We present initial results from a 650 m long core of Late Triasssic to Early Jurassic (190–202 Myr) sedimentary strata from the Cheshire Basin, UK, which is shown to be an exceptional record of Earth evolution for the time of break-up of the supercontinent Pangaea. Further work will determine periodic changes in depositional environments caused by solar system dynamics and used to reconstruct orbital history.
James Douglas Annan, Julia Catherine Hargreaves, Thorsten Mauritsen, Erin McClymont, and Sze Ling Ho
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1941, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1941, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We have created a new global surface temperature reconstruction of the climate of the mid-Pliocene Warm Period, representing the period roughly 3.2 million years before the present day. We estimate that the globally averaged mean temperature was around 3.6 °C warmer than it was in pre-industrial times, but there is significant uncertainty on this value.
Georgia R. Grant, Jonny H. T. Williams, Sebastian Naeher, Osamu Seki, Erin L. McClymont, Molly O. Patterson, Alan M. Haywood, Erik Behrens, Masanobu Yamamoto, and Katelyn Johnson
Clim. Past, 19, 1359–1381, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-1359-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-1359-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Regional warming will differ from global warming, and climate models perform poorly in the Southern Ocean. We reconstruct sea surface temperatures in the south-west Pacific during the mid-Pliocene, a time 3 million years ago that represents the long-term outcomes of 3 °C warming, which is expected for the future. Comparing these results to climate model simulations, we show that the south-west Pacific region will warm by 1 °C above the global average if atmospheric CO2 remains above 350 ppm.
Bjørg Risebrobakken, Mari F. Jensen, Helene R. Langehaug, Tor Eldevik, Anne Britt Sandø, Camille Li, Andreas Born, Erin Louise McClymont, Ulrich Salzmann, and Stijn De Schepper
Clim. Past, 19, 1101–1123, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-1101-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-1101-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In the observational period, spatially coherent sea surface temperatures characterize the northern North Atlantic at multidecadal timescales. We show that spatially non-coherent temperature patterns are seen both in further projections and a past warm climate period with a CO2 level comparable to the future low-emission scenario. Buoyancy forcing is shown to be important for northern North Atlantic temperature patterns.
James A. Smith, Louise Callard, Michael J. Bentley, Stewart S. R. Jamieson, Maria Luisa Sánchez-Montes, Timothy P. Lane, Jeremy M. Lloyd, Erin L. McClymont, Christopher M. Darvill, Brice R. Rea, Colm O'Cofaigh, Pauline Gulliver, Werner Ehrmann, Richard S. Jones, and David H. Roberts
The Cryosphere, 17, 1247–1270, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-1247-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-1247-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The Greenland Ice Sheet is melting at an accelerating rate. To understand the significance of these changes we reconstruct the history of one of its fringing ice shelves, known as 79° N ice shelf. We show that the ice shelf disappeared 8500 years ago, following a period of enhanced warming. An important implication of our study is that 79° N ice shelf is susceptible to collapse when atmospheric and ocean temperatures are ~2°C warmer than present, which could occur by the middle of this century.
Xavier Crosta, Karen E. Kohfeld, Helen C. Bostock, Matthew Chadwick, Alice Du Vivier, Oliver Esper, Johan Etourneau, Jacob Jones, Amy Leventer, Juliane Müller, Rachael H. Rhodes, Claire S. Allen, Pooja Ghadi, Nele Lamping, Carina B. Lange, Kelly-Anne Lawler, David Lund, Alice Marzocchi, Katrin J. Meissner, Laurie Menviel, Abhilash Nair, Molly Patterson, Jennifer Pike, Joseph G. Prebble, Christina Riesselman, Henrik Sadatzki, Louise C. Sime, Sunil K. Shukla, Lena Thöle, Maria-Elena Vorrath, Wenshen Xiao, and Jiao Yang
Clim. Past, 18, 1729–1756, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-1729-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-1729-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Despite its importance in the global climate, our knowledge of Antarctic sea-ice changes throughout the last glacial–interglacial cycle is extremely limited. As part of the Cycles of Sea Ice Dynamics in the Earth system (C-SIDE) Working Group, we review marine- and ice-core-based sea-ice proxies to provide insights into their applicability and limitations. By compiling published records, we provide information on Antarctic sea-ice dynamics over the past 130 000 years.
Dieter R. Tetzner, Elizabeth R. Thomas, Claire S. Allen, and Mackenzie M. Grieman
Clim. Past, 18, 1709–1727, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-1709-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-1709-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Changes in the Southern Hemisphere westerly winds are drivers of recent environmental changes in West Antarctica. However, our understanding of this relationship is limited by short and sparse observational records. Here we present the first regional wind study based on the novel use of diatoms preserved in Antarctic ice cores. Our results demonstrate that diatom abundance is the optimal record for reconstructing wind strength variability over the Southern Hemisphere westerly wind belt.
Gilles Reverdin, Claire Waelbroeck, Catherine Pierre, Camille Akhoudas, Giovanni Aloisi, Marion Benetti, Bernard Bourlès, Magnus Danielsen, Jérôme Demange, Denis Diverrès, Jean-Claude Gascard, Marie-Noëlle Houssais, Hervé Le Goff, Pascale Lherminier, Claire Lo Monaco, Herlé Mercier, Nicolas Metzl, Simon Morisset, Aïcha Naamar, Thierry Reynaud, Jean-Baptiste Sallée, Virginie Thierry, Susan E. Hartman, Edward W. Mawji, Solveig Olafsdottir, Torsten Kanzow, Anton Velo, Antje Voelker, Igor Yashayaev, F. Alexander Haumann, Melanie J. Leng, Carol Arrowsmith, and Michael Meredith
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 2721–2735, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-2721-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-2721-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The CISE-LOCEAN seawater stable isotope dataset has close to 8000 data entries. The δ18O and δD isotopic data measured at LOCEAN have uncertainties of at most 0.05 ‰ and 0.25 ‰, respectively. Some data were adjusted to correct for evaporation. The internal consistency indicates that the data can be used to investigate time and space variability to within 0.03 ‰ and 0.15 ‰ in δ18O–δD17; comparisons with data analyzed in other institutions suggest larger differences with other datasets.
Andrew L. A. Johnson, Annemarie M. Valentine, Bernd R. Schöne, Melanie J. Leng, and Stijn Goolaerts
Clim. Past, 18, 1203–1229, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-1203-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-1203-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Determining seasonal temperatures demands proxies that record the highest and lowest temperatures over the annual cycle. Many record neither, but oxygen isotope profiles from shells in principle record both. Oxygen isotope data from late Pliocene bivalve molluscs of the southern North Sea basin show that the seasonal temperature range was at times much higher than previously estimated and higher than now. This suggests reduced oceanic heat supply, in contrast to some previous interpretations.
Joanne S. Johnson, Ryan A. Venturelli, Greg Balco, Claire S. Allen, Scott Braddock, Seth Campbell, Brent M. Goehring, Brenda L. Hall, Peter D. Neff, Keir A. Nichols, Dylan H. Rood, Elizabeth R. Thomas, and John Woodward
The Cryosphere, 16, 1543–1562, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-1543-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-1543-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Recent studies have suggested that some portions of the Antarctic Ice Sheet were less extensive than present in the last few thousand years. We discuss how past ice loss and regrowth during this time would leave its mark on geological and glaciological records and suggest ways in which future studies could detect such changes. Determining timing of ice loss and gain around Antarctica and conditions under which they occurred is critical for preparing for future climate-warming-induced changes.
Dieter R. Tetzner, Claire S. Allen, and Elizabeth R. Thomas
The Cryosphere, 16, 779–798, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-779-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-779-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The presence of diatoms in Antarctic ice cores has been scarcely documented and poorly understood. Here we present a detailed analysis of the spatial and temporal distribution of the diatom record preserved in a set of Antarctic ice cores. Our results reveal that the timing and amount of diatoms deposited present a strong geographical division. This study highlights the potential of the diatom record preserved in Antarctic ice cores to provide useful information about past environmental changes.
Erin L. McClymont, Michael J. Bentley, Dominic A. Hodgson, Charlotte L. Spencer-Jones, Thomas Wardley, Martin D. West, Ian W. Croudace, Sonja Berg, Darren R. Gröcke, Gerhard Kuhn, Stewart S. R. Jamieson, Louise Sime, and Richard A. Phillips
Clim. Past, 18, 381–403, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-381-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-381-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Sea ice is important for our climate system and for the unique ecosystems it supports. We present a novel way to understand past Antarctic sea-ice ecosystems: using the regurgitated stomach contents of snow petrels, which nest above the ice sheet but feed in the sea ice. During a time when sea ice was more extensive than today (24 000–30 000 years ago), we show that snow petrel diet had varying contributions of fish and krill, which we interpret to show changing sea-ice distribution.
Anson W. Mackay, Vivian A. Felde, David W. Morley, Natalia Piotrowska, Patrick Rioual, Alistair W. R. Seddon, and George E. A. Swann
Clim. Past, 18, 363–380, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-363-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-363-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We investigated the diversity of algae called diatoms in Lake Baikal, the oldest and deepest lake in the world, because algae sit at the base of aquatic foodwebs and provide energy (in the form of primary production) for other organisms to use. Diatom diversity and primary production have been influenced by both long-term and abrupt climate change over the past 16 000 years. The shape of these responses appears to be time-period specific.
Stephen C. Phillips and Kate Littler
Sci. Dril., 30, 59–74, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-30-59-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-30-59-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Smear slides are a method of estimating sediment composition that is widely used as part of scientific drilling expeditions. These estimates are frequently used to classify sediments but are often not used in further analysis. We show that smear slide estimates, even if not highly accurate, track well with downcore physical property and elemental analyses. This work gives confidence in smear slide estimates in characterizing trends and cycles in sediment composition.
Matthew Chadwick, Claire S. Allen, Louise C. Sime, Xavier Crosta, and Claus-Dieter Hillenbrand
Clim. Past, 18, 129–146, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-129-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-129-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Algae preserved in marine sediments have allowed us to reconstruct how much winter sea ice was present around Antarctica during a past time period (130 000 years ago) when the climate was warmer than today. The patterns of sea-ice increase and decrease vary between different parts of the Southern Ocean. The Pacific sector has a largely stable sea-ice extent, whereas the amount of sea ice in the Atlantic sector is much more variable with bigger decreases and increases than other regions.
Charlotte L. Spencer-Jones, Erin L. McClymont, Nicole J. Bale, Ellen C. Hopmans, Stefan Schouten, Juliane Müller, E. Povl Abrahamsen, Claire Allen, Torsten Bickert, Claus-Dieter Hillenbrand, Elaine Mawbey, Victoria Peck, Aleksandra Svalova, and James A. Smith
Biogeosciences, 18, 3485–3504, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-3485-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-3485-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Long-term ocean temperature records are needed to fully understand the impact of West Antarctic Ice Sheet collapse. Glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs) are powerful tools for reconstructing ocean temperature but can be difficult to apply to the Southern Ocean. Our results show active GDGT synthesis in relatively warm depths of the ocean. This research improves the application of GDGT palaeoceanographic proxies in the Southern Ocean.
Mark A. Stevenson, Suzanne McGowan, Emma J. Pearson, George E. A. Swann, Melanie J. Leng, Vivienne J. Jones, Joseph J. Bailey, Xianyu Huang, and Erika Whiteford
Biogeosciences, 18, 2465–2485, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-2465-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-2465-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We link detailed stable isotope and biomarker analyses from the catchments of three Arctic upland lakes on Disko Island (West Greenland) to a recent dated sediment core to understand how carbon cycling has changed over the past ~500 years. We find that the carbon deposited in sediments in these upland lakes is predominately sourced from in-lake production due to the catchment's limited terrestrial vegetation and elevation and that recent increases in algal production link with climate change.
Charlotte Beasley, Daniel B. Parvaz, Laura Cotton, and Kate Littler
J. Micropalaeontol., 39, 169–181, https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-39-169-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-39-169-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We compared three methods of breaking apart well-cemented carbonate rocks in order to obtain liberated fossiliferous material. The first two methods are
traditionaland the third is novel to this field. The novel technique (fragmentation using electric pulses, SELFRAG) proved to be the most efficient and effective at liberating microfossil material from surrounding rock. We suggest best practice for using this technique and further materials in which it could prove successful in future.
Erin L. McClymont, Heather L. Ford, Sze Ling Ho, Julia C. Tindall, Alan M. Haywood, Montserrat Alonso-Garcia, Ian Bailey, Melissa A. Berke, Kate Littler, Molly O. Patterson, Benjamin Petrick, Francien Peterse, A. Christina Ravelo, Bjørg Risebrobakken, Stijn De Schepper, George E. A. Swann, Kaustubh Thirumalai, Jessica E. Tierney, Carolien van der Weijst, Sarah White, Ayako Abe-Ouchi, Michiel L. J. Baatsen, Esther C. Brady, Wing-Le Chan, Deepak Chandan, Ran Feng, Chuncheng Guo, Anna S. von der Heydt, Stephen Hunter, Xiangyi Li, Gerrit Lohmann, Kerim H. Nisancioglu, Bette L. Otto-Bliesner, W. Richard Peltier, Christian Stepanek, and Zhongshi Zhang
Clim. Past, 16, 1599–1615, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-1599-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-1599-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We examine the sea-surface temperature response to an interval of climate ~ 3.2 million years ago, when CO2 concentrations were similar to today and the near future. Our geological data and climate models show that global mean sea-surface temperatures were 2.3 to 3.2 ºC warmer than pre-industrial climate, that the mid-latitudes and high latitudes warmed more than the tropics, and that the warming was particularly enhanced in the North Atlantic Ocean.
Hannah K. Donald, Gavin L. Foster, Nico Fröhberg, George E. A. Swann, Alex J. Poulton, C. Mark Moore, and Matthew P. Humphreys
Biogeosciences, 17, 2825–2837, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-2825-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-2825-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The boron isotope pH proxy is increasingly being used to reconstruct ocean pH in the past. Here we detail a novel analytical methodology for measuring the boron isotopic composition (δ11B) of diatom opal and apply this to the study of the diatom Thalassiosira weissflogii grown in culture over a range of pH. To our knowledge this is the first study of its kind and provides unique insights into the way in which diatoms incorporate boron and their potential as archives of palaeoclimate records.
James M. Russell, Philip Barker, Andrew Cohen, Sarah Ivory, Ishmael Kimirei, Christine Lane, Melanie Leng, Neema Maganza, Michael McGlue, Emma Msaky, Anders Noren, Lisa Park Boush, Walter Salzburger, Christopher Scholz, Ralph Tiedemann, Shaidu Nuru, and the Lake Tanganyika Scientific Drilling Project (TSDP) Consortium
Sci. Dril., 27, 53–60, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-27-53-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-27-53-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Our planet experienced enormous environmental changes in the last 10 million years. Lake Tanganyika is the oldest lake in Africa and its sediments comprise the most continuous terrestrial environmental record for this time period in the tropics. This workshop report identifies key research objectives in rift processes, evolutionary biology, geomicrobiology, paleoclimatology, paleoecology, paleoanthropology, and geochronology that could be addressed by drilling this globally important site.
Maria Luisa Sánchez-Montes, Erin L. McClymont, Jeremy M. Lloyd, Juliane Müller, Ellen A. Cowan, and Coralie Zorzi
Clim. Past, 16, 299–313, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-299-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-299-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
In this paper, we present new climate reconstructions in SW Alaska from recovered marine sediments in the Gulf of Alaska. We find that glaciers reached the Gulf of Alaska during a cooling climate 2.9 million years ago, and after that the Cordilleran Ice Sheet continued growing during a global drop in atmospheric CO2 levels. Cordilleran Ice Sheet growth could have been supported by an increase in heat supply to the SW Alaska and warm ocean evaporation–mountain precipitation mechanisms.
Sev Kender, Adeyinka Aturamu, Jan Zalasiewicz, Michael A. Kaminski, and Mark Williams
J. Micropalaeontol., 38, 177–187, https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-38-177-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-38-177-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
The Mid-Brunhes Transition saw an enigmatic shift towards increased glacial temperature variations about 400 kyr ago. High-latitude Southern Ocean stratification may have been a causal factor, but little is known of the changes to the high-latitude Bering Sea. We generated benthic foraminiferal assemblage data and are the first to document a glacial decrease in episodic primary productivity since the Mid-Brunhes Transition, signifying possible reductions in sea ice summer stratification.
Anna Mikis, Katharine R. Hendry, Jennifer Pike, Daniela N. Schmidt, Kirsty M. Edgar, Victoria Peck, Frank J. C. Peeters, Melanie J. Leng, Michael P. Meredith, Chloe L. C. Jones, Sharon Stammerjohn, and Hugh Ducklow
Biogeosciences, 16, 3267–3282, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-3267-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-3267-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Antarctic marine calcifying organisms are threatened by regional climate change and ocean acidification. Future projections of regional carbonate production are challenging due to the lack of historical data combined with complex climate variability. We present a 6-year record of flux, morphology and geochemistry of an Antarctic planktonic foraminifera, which shows that their growth is most sensitive to sea ice dynamics and is linked with the El Niño–Southern Oscillation.
Elizabeth Atar, Christian März, Andrew C. Aplin, Olaf Dellwig, Liam G. Herringshaw, Violaine Lamoureux-Var, Melanie J. Leng, Bernhard Schnetger, and Thomas Wagner
Clim. Past, 15, 1581–1601, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-1581-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-1581-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
We present a geochemical and petrographic study of the Kimmeridge Clay Formation from the Cleveland Basin (Yorkshire, UK). Our results indicate that deposition during this interval was very dynamic and oscillated between three distinct modes of sedimentation. In line with recent modelling results, we propose that these highly dynamic conditions were driven by changes in climate, which affected continental weathering, enhanced primary productivity, and led to organic carbon enrichment.
Christopher J. Hollis, Tom Dunkley Jones, Eleni Anagnostou, Peter K. Bijl, Margot J. Cramwinckel, Ying Cui, Gerald R. Dickens, Kirsty M. Edgar, Yvette Eley, David Evans, Gavin L. Foster, Joost Frieling, Gordon N. Inglis, Elizabeth M. Kennedy, Reinhard Kozdon, Vittoria Lauretano, Caroline H. Lear, Kate Littler, Lucas Lourens, A. Nele Meckler, B. David A. Naafs, Heiko Pälike, Richard D. Pancost, Paul N. Pearson, Ursula Röhl, Dana L. Royer, Ulrich Salzmann, Brian A. Schubert, Hannu Seebeck, Appy Sluijs, Robert P. Speijer, Peter Stassen, Jessica Tierney, Aradhna Tripati, Bridget Wade, Thomas Westerhold, Caitlyn Witkowski, James C. Zachos, Yi Ge Zhang, Matthew Huber, and Daniel J. Lunt
Geosci. Model Dev., 12, 3149–3206, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-12-3149-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-12-3149-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
The Deep-Time Model Intercomparison Project (DeepMIP) is a model–data intercomparison of the early Eocene (around 55 million years ago), the last time that Earth's atmospheric CO2 concentrations exceeded 1000 ppm. Previously, we outlined the experimental design for climate model simulations. Here, we outline the methods used for compilation and analysis of climate proxy data. The resulting climate
atlaswill provide insights into the mechanisms that control past warm climate states.
Dominic A. Hodgson, Kelly Hogan, James M. Smith, James A. Smith, Claus-Dieter Hillenbrand, Alastair G. C. Graham, Peter Fretwell, Claire Allen, Vicky Peck, Jan-Erik Arndt, Boris Dorschel, Christian Hübscher, Andrew M. Smith, and Robert Larter
The Cryosphere, 12, 2383–2399, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-2383-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-2383-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
We studied the Coats Land ice margin, Antarctica, providing a multi-disciplinary geophysical assessment of the ice sheet configuration through its last advance and retreat; a description of the physical constraints on the stability of the past and present ice and future margin based on its submarine geomorphology and ice-sheet geometry; and evidence that once detached from the bed, the ice shelves in this region were predisposed to rapid retreat back to coastal grounding lines.
Tom Dunkley Jones, Hayley R. Manners, Murray Hoggett, Sandra Kirtland Turner, Thomas Westerhold, Melanie J. Leng, Richard D. Pancost, Andy Ridgwell, Laia Alegret, Rob Duller, and Stephen T. Grimes
Clim. Past, 14, 1035–1049, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-1035-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-1035-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
The Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) is a transient global warming event associated with a doubling of atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations. Here we document a major increase in sediment accumulation rates on a subtropical continental margin during the PETM, likely due to marked changes in hydro-climates and sediment transport. These high sedimentation rates persist through the event and may play a key role in the removal of carbon from the atmosphere by the burial of organic carbon.
Rowan Dejardin, Sev Kender, Claire S. Allen, Melanie J. Leng, George E. A. Swann, and Victoria L. Peck
J. Micropalaeontol., 37, 25–71, https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-37-25-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-37-25-2018, 2018
Paul E. Bachem, Bjørg Risebrobakken, Stijn De Schepper, and Erin L. McClymont
Clim. Past, 13, 1153–1168, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-1153-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-1153-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
We present a high-resolution multi-proxy study of the Norwegian Sea, covering the 5.33 to 3.14 Ma time window within the Pliocene. We show that large-scale climate transitions took place during this warmer than modern time, most likely in response to ocean gateway transformations. Strong warming at 4.0 Ma in the Norwegian Sea, when regions closer to Greenland cooled, indicate that increased northward ocean heat transport may be compatible with expanding glaciation and Arctic sea ice growth.
Bernd Wagner, Thomas Wilke, Alexander Francke, Christian Albrecht, Henrike Baumgarten, Adele Bertini, Nathalie Combourieu-Nebout, Aleksandra Cvetkoska, Michele D'Addabbo, Timme H. Donders, Kirstin Föller, Biagio Giaccio, Andon Grazhdani, Torsten Hauffe, Jens Holtvoeth, Sebastien Joannin, Elena Jovanovska, Janna Just, Katerina Kouli, Andreas Koutsodendris, Sebastian Krastel, Jack H. Lacey, Niklas Leicher, Melanie J. Leng, Zlatko Levkov, Katja Lindhorst, Alessia Masi, Anna M. Mercuri, Sebastien Nomade, Norbert Nowaczyk, Konstantinos Panagiotopoulos, Odile Peyron, Jane M. Reed, Eleonora Regattieri, Laura Sadori, Leonardo Sagnotti, Björn Stelbrink, Roberto Sulpizio, Slavica Tofilovska, Paola Torri, Hendrik Vogel, Thomas Wagner, Friederike Wagner-Cremer, George A. Wolff, Thomas Wonik, Giovanni Zanchetta, and Xiaosen S. Zhang
Biogeosciences, 14, 2033–2054, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-2033-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-2033-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Lake Ohrid is considered to be the oldest existing lake in Europe. Moreover, it has a very high degree of endemic biodiversity. During a drilling campaign at Lake Ohrid in 2013, a 569 m long sediment sequence was recovered from Lake Ohrid. The ongoing studies of this record provide first important information on the environmental and evolutionary history of the lake and the reasons for its high endimic biodiversity.
Daniel J. Lunt, Matthew Huber, Eleni Anagnostou, Michiel L. J. Baatsen, Rodrigo Caballero, Rob DeConto, Henk A. Dijkstra, Yannick Donnadieu, David Evans, Ran Feng, Gavin L. Foster, Ed Gasson, Anna S. von der Heydt, Chris J. Hollis, Gordon N. Inglis, Stephen M. Jones, Jeff Kiehl, Sandy Kirtland Turner, Robert L. Korty, Reinhardt Kozdon, Srinath Krishnan, Jean-Baptiste Ladant, Petra Langebroek, Caroline H. Lear, Allegra N. LeGrande, Kate Littler, Paul Markwick, Bette Otto-Bliesner, Paul Pearson, Christopher J. Poulsen, Ulrich Salzmann, Christine Shields, Kathryn Snell, Michael Stärz, James Super, Clay Tabor, Jessica E. Tierney, Gregory J. L. Tourte, Aradhna Tripati, Garland R. Upchurch, Bridget S. Wade, Scott L. Wing, Arne M. E. Winguth, Nicky M. Wright, James C. Zachos, and Richard E. Zeebe
Geosci. Model Dev., 10, 889–901, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-10-889-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-10-889-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
In this paper we describe the experimental design for a set of simulations which will be carried out by a range of climate models, all investigating the climate of the Eocene, about 50 million years ago. The intercomparison of model results is called 'DeepMIP', and we anticipate that we will contribute to the next IPCC report through an analysis of these simulations and the geological data to which we will compare them.
Jack H. Lacey, Melanie J. Leng, Alexander Francke, Hilary J. Sloane, Antoni Milodowski, Hendrik Vogel, Henrike Baumgarten, Giovanni Zanchetta, and Bernd Wagner
Biogeosciences, 13, 1801–1820, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-1801-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-1801-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
We use stable isotope data from carbonates to provide a palaeoenvironmental reconstruction covering the last 637 kyr at Lake Ohrid (FYROM/Albania). Our results indicate a relatively stable climate until 450 ka, wetter climate conditions at 400–250 ka, and a transition to a drier climate after 250 ka. This work emphasises the importance of Lake Ohrid as a valuable archive of climate change in the northern Mediterranean region.
V. N. Panizzo, G. E. A. Swann, A. W. Mackay, E. Vologina, M. Sturm, V. Pashley, and M. S. A. Horstwood
Biogeosciences, 13, 147–157, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-147-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-147-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Lake Baikal, Siberia, is the world's most voluminous lake. Diatoms are the most dominant primary producers in the lake and form the basis of the food chain. This paper investigated the productivity of these organisms over the course of a year with a view to understanding their preservation in sediments and their value for reconstructing past productivity in the lake. This is important when recent climate change and the pressures of pollution are having demonstrable impacts in the region.
K. R. Hendry, G. E. A. Swann, M. J. Leng, H. J. Sloane, C. Goodwin, J. Berman, and M. Maldonado
Biogeosciences, 12, 3489–3498, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-3489-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-3489-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
The stable isotope composition of benthic sponge silica skeletons (spicules) has been shown to be a source of useful palaeoceanographic information about past deep seawater chemistry. Here, we investigate the biological vital effects on silica stable isotope composition in a Southern Ocean carnivorous sponge, Asbestopluma sp. We find significant variations in isotopic composition within the specimen – in both silicon and oxygen isotopes – that appear to be related to unusual spicule growth.
G. E. A. Swann and A. M. Snelling
Clim. Past, 11, 15–25, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-11-15-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-11-15-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
New diatom isotope records are presented alongside existing geochemical and isotope records to document changes in the photic zone, including nutrient supply and the efficiency of the soft-tissue biological pump, between MIS 4 and MIS 5e in the subarctic north-west Pacific Ocean. The results provide evidence for temporal changes in the strength and efficiency of the regional soft-tissue biological pump, altering the ratio of regenerated to preformed nutrients in the water.
A. M. Snelling, G. E. A. Swann, J. Pike, and M. J. Leng
Clim. Past, 10, 1837–1842, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-1837-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-1837-2014, 2014
Related subject area
Palaeoceanography and palaeoenvironment
Paleoenvironmental changes related to the variations of the sea-ice cover during the Late Holocene in an Antarctic fjord (Edisto Inlet, Ross Sea) inferred by foraminiferal association
Late Holocene pteropod distribution across the base of the south-eastern Mediterranean margin: the importance of the > 63 µm fraction
Last Glacial Maximum to Holocene paleoceanography of the northwestern Ross Sea inferred from sediment core geochemistry and micropaleontology at Hallett Ridge
Benthic foraminifera or Ostracoda? Comparing the accuracy of palaeoenvironmental indicators from a Pleistocene lagoon of the Romagna coastal plain (Italy)
Giacomo Galli, Caterina Morigi, Romana Melis, Alessio Di Roberto, Tommaso Tesi, Fiorenza Torricella, Leonardo Langone, Patrizia Giordano, Ester Colizza, Lucilla Capotondi, Andrea Gallerani, and Karen Gariboldi
J. Micropalaeontol., 42, 95–115, https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-42-95-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-42-95-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
A sediment core was analysed, focusing over the 2000 years, in Edisto Inlet. Benthic and planktic foraminifera were picked and used to determine changes in the faunal composition. Using other nearby cores, by comparing different proxies, we were able to identify a succession of three different environmental phases over the studied period: a seasonal-cycle phase (from 2000 to around 1500 years BP), a transitional phase (from 1500 to 700 years BP) and a cold phase (from 700 years to present).
Valentina Beccari, Ahuva Almogi-Labin, Daniela Basso, Giuliana Panieri, Yizhaq Makovsky, Irka Hajdas, and Silvia Spezzaferri
J. Micropalaeontol., 42, 13–29, https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-42-13-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-42-13-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Planktonic gastropods (pteropods and heteropods) have been investigated in cores collected in the eastern Mediterranean along the Israeli coast in coral, pockmark, and channel areas. The sediment spans the last 5300 years. Our study reveals that neglecting the smaller fraction (> 63 µm) may result in a misinterpretation of the palaeoceanography. The presence of tropical and subtropical species reveals that the eastern Mediterranean acted as a refugium for these organisms.
Romana Melis, Lucilla Capotondi, Fiorenza Torricella, Patrizia Ferretti, Andrea Geniram, Jong Kuk Hong, Gerhard Kuhn, Boo-Keun Khim, Sookwan Kim, Elisa Malinverno, Kyu Cheul Yoo, and Ester Colizza
J. Micropalaeontol., 40, 15–35, https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-40-15-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-40-15-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Integrated micropaleontological (planktic and benthic foraminifera, diatoms, and silicoflagellates) analysis, together with textural and geochemical results of a deep-sea core from the Hallett Ridge (northwestern Ross Sea), provides new data for late Quaternary (23–2 ka) paleoenvironmental and paleoceanographic reconstructions of this region. Results allow us to identify three time intervals: the glacial–deglacial transition, the deglacial period, and the interglacial period.
Giulia Barbieri and Stefano Claudio Vaiani
J. Micropalaeontol., 37, 203–230, https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-37-203-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-37-203-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
The challenge between benthic foraminifera and ostracoda is open: which is the most reliable microfossil group for precise palaeoenvironmental reconstructions? Results from a lagoonal succession of the Romagna coast (Italy) reveal that the winner is ostracoda, due to their higher abundance, higher differentiation, and precise relationships between species and ecological parameters. Nevertheless, palaeoenvironmental stress and additional details are provided by benthic foraminifera.
Cited articles
Ahn, S., Khider, D., Lisiecki, L. E., and Lawrence, C. E.: A probabilistic Pliocene–Pleistocene stack of benthic δ18O using a profile hidden Markov model, Dynam. Stat. Clim. Syst., 2, dzx002, https://doi.org/10.1093/climsys/dzx002, 2017.
Allen, C. S., Peck, V. L., Graham, A. G. C., Blagbrough, H., Robinson, M. W., and McClymont, E.: Collecting records of past oceanographic conditions and calibrating new proxies in the Polar Front Zone of the SW Atlantic (Falkland Plateau, Shag Rocks and South Georgia), Cruise Report (JR-257), British Antarctic Survey, https://www.bodc.ac.uk/resources/inventories/cruise_inventory/reports/jr257_254e.pdf (last access: 14 June 2024), 2012.
Alve, E.: Foraminifera, climatic change, and pollution: a study of late Holocene sediments in Drammensfiord, southeast Norway, The Holocene, 1, 243–262, https://doi.org/10.1177/095968369100100306, 1991.
Alve, E.: Benthic foraminiferal distribution and recolonization of formerly anoxic environments in Drammensfjord, southern Norway, Mar. Micropaleontol., 25, 169–186, https://doi.org/10.1016/0377-8398(95)00007-N, 1995.
Anderson, J. B.: Ecology and distribution of foraminifera in the Weddell Sea of Antarctica, Micropalaeontology, 21, 69–96, https://doi.org/10.2307/1485156, 1975.
Anderson, R. F., Ali, S., Bradtmiller, L. I., Nielsen, S. H. H., Fleisher, M. Q., Anderson, B. E., and Burckle, L. H.: Wind-Driven Upwelling in the Southern Ocean and the Deglacial Rise in Atmospheric CO2, Science, 323, 1443–1448, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1167441, 2009.
Ardelan, M. V., Holm-Hansen, O., Hewes, C. D., Reiss, C. S., Silva, N. S., Dulaiova, H., Steinnes, E., and Sakshaug, E.: Natural iron enrichment around the Antarctic Peninsula in the Southern Ocean, Biogeosciences, 7, 11–25, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-7-11-2010, 2010.
Atkinson, A., Whitehouse, M. J., Priddle, J., Cripps, G. C., Ward, P., and Brandon, M. A.: South Georgia, Antarctica: a productive, cold water, pelagic ecosystem, Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 216, 279–308, http://https://doi.org/10.3354/meps216279, 2001.
Bakke, J., Paasche, Ø., Schaefer, J. M., and Timmermann, A.: Long-term demise of sub-Antarctic glaciers modulated by the Southern Hemisphere Westerlies, Sci. Rep., 11, 8361, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-87317-5, 2021.
Barlow, N. L. M., Bentley, M. J., Spada, G., Evans, D. J. A., Hansom, J. D., Brader, M. D., White, D. A., Zander, A., and Berg, S.: Testing models of ice cap extent, South Georgia, sub-Antarctic, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 154, 157–168, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2016.11.007, 2016.
Barnes, D. K. A., Sands, C. J., Hogg, O. T., Robinson, B. J. O., Downey, R. V., and Smith, J. A.: Biodiversity signature of the Last Glacial Maximum at South Georgia, Southern Ocean, J. Biogeogr., 43, 2391–2399, http://https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.12855, 2016.
Björck. S., Rundgren, M., Ljung, K., Unkel, I., and Wallin, Å.: Multi-proxy analyses of a peat bog on Isla de los Estados, easternmost Tierra del Fuego: a unique record of the variable Southern Hemisphere Westerlies since the last deglaciation, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 42, 1–14, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2012.03.015, 2014.
Borrione, I., Aumont, O., Nielsdóttir, M. C., and Schlitzer, R.: Sedimentary and atmospheric sources of iron around South Georgia, Southern Ocean: a modelling perspective, Biogeosciences, 11, 1981–2001, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-1981-2014, 2014.
Bentley, M. J., Evans, D. J. A., Fogwill, C. J., Hansom, J. D., Sugden, D. E., and Kubik, P. W.: Glacial geomorphology and chronology of deglaciation, South Georgia, sub-Antarctic, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 26, 644–677, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2006.11.019, 2007.
Berg, S., White, D. A., Jivcov, S., Melles, M., Leng, M. J., Rethemeyer, J., Allen, C., Perren, B., Bennike, O., and Viehberg, F.: Holocene glacier fluctuations and environmental changes in subantarctic South Georgia inferred from a sediment record from a coastal inlet, Quaternary Res., 91, 132–148, https://doi.org/10.1017/qua.2018.85, 2019.
Bracegirdle, T.: Southern Hemisphere tropospheric westerly jet: 1979-present, Polar Data Centre, Natural Environment Research Council, UK, https://doi.org/10.5285/3952a4fe-683a-42e7-a074-bdec41c8ab16, 2023.
Browne, I. M., Moy, C. M., Riesselman, C. R., Neil, H. L., Curtin, L. G., Gorman, A. R., and Wilson, G. S.: Late Holocene intensification of the westerly winds at the subantarctic Auckland Islands (51° S), New Zealand, Clim. Past 13, 1301–1322, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-1301-2017, 2017.
Ciais, P., Petit, J. R., Jouzel, J., Lorius, C., Barkov, N. I., Lipenkov, V., and Nicolaïev, V.: Evidence for an early Holocene climatic optimum in the Antarctic deep ice-core record, Clim. Dynam., 6, 169–177, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00193529, 1992.
Clapperton, C. M., Sugen, D. E., Birnie, J., and Wilson, M. J.: Late-Glacial and Holocene glacier fluctuations and environmental change on South Georgia, Southern Ocean, Quaternary Res., 31, 210–228, https://doi.org/10.1016/0033-5894(89)90006-9, 1989.
Clark, P. U., Dyke, A. S., Shakun, J. D., Carlson, A. E., Clark, J., Wohlfarth, B., Mitrovica, J. X., Hostetler, S. W., and McCabe, A. M.: The Last Glacial Maximum, Science, 325, 710–714, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1172873, 2009.
Clark, P. U., McCabe, A. M., Mix, A. C., and Weaver, A. J.: Rapid rise of sea level 19,000 years ago and its global implications, Science, 304, 1141–1144, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1094449, 2004.
Clark, P. U., Shakun, J. D., Baker, P. A., Bartlein, P. J., Brewer, S., Brook, E., Carlson, A. E., Cheng, H., Kaufman, D. S., Liu, Z., Marchitto, T. M., Mix, A. C., Morrill, C., Otto-Bliesner, B. L., Pahnke, K., Russell, J. M., Whitlock, C., Adkins, J. F., Blois, J. L., Clark, J., Colman, S. M., Curry, W. B., Flower, B. P., He, F., Johnson, T. C., Lynch-Stieglitz, J., Markgraf, V., McManus, J., Mitrovica, J. X., Moreno, P. I., and Williams, J. W.: Global climate evolution during the last deglaciation, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 109, E1134–E1142, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1116619109, 2012.
Combes, V., Matano, R. P., Meredith, M. P., and Young, E. F.: Variability of the shelf circulation around South Georgia, Southern Ocean, J. Geophys. Res.-Ocean., 128, e2022JC019257, https://doi.org/10.1029/2022JC019257, 2023.
Conley, D. J. and Schelske, C. L.: Biogenic Silica, in: Tracking environmental change using lake sediments, Vol. 3, terrestrial, algal, and siliceous indicators, edited by: Smol, J. P., Birks, H. J. B., and Last, W. M., Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht, Netherlands, 281–293, https://doi.org/10.1007/0-306-47668-1_14, 2001.
Dejardin, R.: Reconstructing oceanographic conditions through the deglacial and Holocene (ca. 15 KA) at the sub-Antarctic island of South Georgia, Ph.D. thesis, University of Nottingham, United Kingdom, 257 pp., 2017.
Dejardin, R., Kender, S., Allen, C. S., Leng, M. J., Swann, G. E. A., and Peck, V. L.: “Live” (stained) benthic foraminiferal living depths, stable isotopes, and taxonomy offshore South Georgia, Southern Ocean: implications for calcification depths, J. Micropalaeontol., 37, 25–71, https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-37-25-2018, 2018.
Demaster, D. J.: The supply and accumulation of silica in the marine environment, Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 45, 1715–1732, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(81)90006-5, 1981.
Detlef, H., Sosdian, S. M., Kender, S., Lear, C. H., and Hall, I. R.: Multi-elemental composition of authigenic carbonates in benthic foraminifera from the eastern Bering Sea continental margin (International Ocean Discovery Program Site U1343), Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 268, 1–21, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2019.09.025, 2020.
Divine, D. V., Koç, N., Isaksson, E., Nielsen, S., Crosta, X., and Godtliebsen, F.: Holocene Antarctic climate variability from ice and marine sediment cores: Insights on ocean–atmosphere interaction, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 29, 303–312, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2009.11.012, 2010.
Favier, L., Pattyn, F., Berger, S., and Drews, R.: Dynamic influence of pinning points on marine ice-sheet stability: a numerical study in Dronning Maud Land, East Antarctica, The Cryosphere, 10, 2623–2635, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-10-2623-2016, 2016.
Fisher, R. A., Corbet, A. S., and Williams, C. B.: The relation between the number of species and the number of individuals in a random sample of an animal population, J. Anim. Ecol., 12, 42–58, https://doi.org/10.2307/1411, 1943.
Fletcher, M.-S., Pedro, J., Hall, T., Mariani, M., Alexander, J. A., Beck, K., Blaauw, M., Hodgson, D. A., Heijnis, H., Gadd, P. S., and Lise-Pronovost, A.: Northward shift of the southern westerlies during the Antarctic Cold Reversal, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 271, 107189, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2021.107189, 2021.
Foster, L. C., Pearson, E. J., Juggins, S., Hodgson, D. A., Saunders, K. M., Verleyen, E., and Roberts, S. J.: Development of a regional glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether (GDGT)–temperature calibration for Antarctic and sub-Antarctic lakes, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 433, 370–379, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2015.11.018, 2016.
Graham, A. G. C., Fretwell, P. T., Larter, R. D., Hodgson, D. A., Wilson, C. K., Tate, A. J., and Morris, P.: A new bathymetric compilation highlighting extensive paleo–ice sheet drainage on the continental shelf, South Georgia, sub-Antarctica, Geochem. Geophy. Geosy., 9, Q07011, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008GC001993, 2008.
Graham, A. G. C., Kuhn, G., Meisel, O., Hillenbrand, C.-D., Hodgson, D. A., Ehrmann, W., Wacker, L., Wintersteller, P., dos Santos Ferreira, C., Römer, M., White, D., and Bohrmann, G.: Major advance of South Georgia glaciers during the Antarctic Cold Reversal following extensive sub-Antarctic glaciation, Nat. Commun., 8, 14798, https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms14798, 2017.
Gordon, J. E., Haynes, V., and Hubbard, A.: Recent glacier changes and climate trends on South Georgia, Glob. Planet. Change, 60, 72–84, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2006.07.037, 2008.
Hall, B. L.: Holocene glacial history of Antarctica and the sub-Antarctic islands, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 28, 2213–2230, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2009.06.011, 2009.
Hammer, Ø.: PAleontological STatistics version 4.10 reference manual, https://www.nhm.uio.no/english/research/infrastructure/past/downloads/past4manual.pdf (last access: 13 July 2023), 2022.
Haslett, J. and Parnell, A. C.: A simple monotone process with application to radiocarbon-dated depth chronologies, J. Roy. Stat. Soc. Ser. C, 57, 399–418, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9876.2008.00623.x, 2008.
Heaton, T. J., Köhl, P., Butzin, M., Bard, E., Reimer, R. W., Austin, W. E. N., Bronk Ramsey, C., Grootes, P. M., Hughen, K. A., Kromer, B., Reimer, P. J., Adkins, J., Burke, A., Cook, M. S., Olsen, J., and Skinner, L. C.: Marine20-The marine radiocarbon age calibration curve (0–55,000 cal BP), Radiocarbon, 62, 779–820, https://doi.org/10.1017/RDC.2020.68, 2020.
Hein, J. R., Oneil, J. R., and Jones, M. G.: Origin of authigenic carbonates in sediment from the deep Bering Sea, Sedimentology, 26, 681–705, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3091.1979.tb00937.x, 1979.
Hill, M. O. and Gauch Jr., H. G.: Detrended Correspondence analysis: an improved ordination technique, Vegetatio, 42, 47–58, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00048870, 1980.
Hodgson, D. A., Graham, A. G. C., Roberts, S. J., Bentley, M. J., Ó Cofaigh, C., Verleyen, E., Vyverman, W., Jomelli, V., Favier, V., runstein, D., Verfaillie, D., Colhoun, E. A., Saunders, K. M., Selkirk, P. M., Mackintosh, A., Hedding, D. W., Nel, W., Hall, K., McGlone, M. S., van der Putten, N., Dickens, W. A., and Smith, J. A.: Terrestrial and submarine evidence for the extent and timing of the Last Glacial Maximum and the onset of deglaciation on the maritime-Antarctic and sub-Antarctic islands, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 100, 137–158, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2013.12.001, 2014a.
Hodgson, D. A., Graham, A. G., Griffiths, H. J., Roberts, S. J., Cofaigh, C.Ó., Bentley, M. J., and Evans, D. J.: Glacial history of sub-Antarctic South Georgia based on the sub-marine geomorphology of its fjords, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 89, 129–147, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2013.12.005, 2014b.
Ishman, S. E. and Sperling, M. R.: Benthic foraminiferal record of Holocene deep-water evolution in the Palmer Deep, western Antarctic Peninsula, Geology, 30, 435–438, 2002.
Kilfeather, A. A., O Cofaigh, C., Lloyd, J. M., Dowdeswell, J. A., Xu, S., and Moreton, S. G.: Ice-stream retreat and ice-shelf history in Marguerite Trough, Antarctic Peninsula: Sedimentological and foraminiferal signatures, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 123, 997–1015, https://doi.org/10.1130/B30282.1, 2011.
Kristan, A. K., Maiti, K., McMahon, K. W., Dance, M. A., and Polito, M. J.: Biological and geochemical proxies in sediment cores reveal shifts in marine predator population dynamics relative to historic anthropogenic exploitation and recent climate change at South Georgia Island sub-Antarctic, Polar Biol., 45, 1379–1389, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-022-03067-8, 2022.
Lamy, F., Kilian, R., Arz, H. W., Francois, J.-P., Kaiser, J., Prange, M., and Steinke, T.: Holocene changes in the position and intensity of the southern westerly wind belt, Nat. Geosci., 3, 695–699, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo959, 2010.
Lešić, N.-M., Streuff, K. T., Bohrmann, G., and Kuhn, G.: Glacimarine sediments from outer Drygalski Trough, sub-Antarctic South Georgia – evidence for extensive glaciation during the Last Glacial Maximum, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 292, 107657, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2022.107657, 2022.
Li, B. H., Yoon, H. I., and Park, B. K.: Foraminiferal assemblages and CaCO3 dissolution since the last deglaciation in the Maxwell Bay, King George Island, Antarctica, Mar. Geol., 169, 239–257, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0025-3227(00)00059-1, 2000.
Lisiecki, L. E. and Raymo, M. E.: A Pliocene-Pleistocene stack of 57 globally distributed benthic δ18O records, Paleoceanogr. Paleocl., 20, PA1003, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004PA001071, 2005.
Mackensen, A., Schmeidl, G., Harloff, J., and Giese, M.: Deep-sea foraminifera in the South Atlantic Ocean: ecology and assemblage generation, Micropaleontology, 41, 342–358, https://doi.org/10.2307/1485808, 1995.
Majewski, W.: Benthic foraminiferal communities: distribution and ecology in Admiralty Bay, King George Island, West Antarctica, Pol. Polar Res., 26, 159–214, 2005.
Majewski, W.: Benthic foraminifera from West Antarctic fjord environments: An overview, Pol. Polar Res., 31, 61–82, https://journals.pan.pl/publication/124133, 2010.
Majewski, W. and Anderson, J. B.: Holocene foraminiferal assemblages from Firth of Tay, Antarctic Peninsula: Paleoclimate implications, Mar. Micropaleontol., 73, 135–147, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marmicro.2009.08.003, 2009.
Majewski, W., Wellner, J. S., Szczuciński, W., and Anderson, J. B.: Holocene oceanographic and glacial changes recorded in Maxwell Bay, West Antarctica, Mar. Geol., 326–328, 67–79, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2012.08.009, 2012.
Majewski, W., Wellner, J. S., and Anderson, J. B.: Environmental connotations of benthic foraminiferal assemblages from coastal West Antarctica, Mar. Micropaleontol., 124, 1–15, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marmicro.2016.01.002, 2016.
Majewski, W., Szczuciński, W., and Gooday, A. J.: Unique benthic foraminiferal communities (stained) in diverse environments of sub-Antarctic fjords, South Georgia, Biogeoscience, 20, 523–544, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-523-2023, 2023.
Masson, V., Vimeux, F., Jouzel, J., Morgan, V., Delmotte, M., Ciais, P., Hammer, C., Johnsen, S., Lipenkov, V. Y., Mosely-Thompson, E., Petit, J.-R., Steig, E. J., Stievenard, M., and Viakmae, R.: Holocene climate variability in Antarctica based on 11 ice-core isotopic records, Quaternary Res., 54, 348–358, https://doi.org/10.1006/qres.2000.2172, 2000.
Mayr, C., Wille, M., Haberzettl, T., Fey, M., Janssen, S., Lücke, A., Ohlendorf, C., Oliva, G., Schäbitz, F., Schleser, G. H., and Zolitschka, B.: Holocene variability of the Southern Hemisphere westerlies in Argentinean Patagonia (52° S), Quaternary Sci. Rev., 26, 579–584, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2006.11.013, 2007.
Meisel, O. H., Graham, A. G. C., and Kuhn, G.: A new record of post-glacial sedimentation in a glacial trough, offshore sub- =Antarctic South Georgia, EGU General Assembly 2014, Vienna, Austria, 27 April–2 May 2014, EGU2014-10852, https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2014/EGU2014-10852.pdf (last access: 14 June 2024), 2014.
Menounos, B., Clague, J. J., Osborn, G., Davis, P. T., Ponce, F., Goehring, B., Maurer, M., Rabassa, J., Coronato, A., and Marr, R.: Latest Pleistocene and Holocene glacier fluctuations in southernmost Tierra del Fuego, Argentina, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 77, 70–79, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2013.07.008, 2013.
Meredith, M. P., Watkins, J. L., Murphy, E. J., Ward, P., Bone, D. G., Thorpe, S. E., Grant, S. A., and Ladkin, R. S.: Southern ACC front to the northeast of South Georgia: Pathways, characteristics, and fluxes, J. Geophys. Res.-Ocean., 108, 3162, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JC001227, 2003.
Milam, R. W. and Anderson, J. B.: Distribution and ecology of Recent benthonic foraminifera of the Adelie – George V continental shelf and slope, Antarctic, Mar. Micropaleontol., 6, 297–325, https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-0182(79)90107-X, 1981.
Mulvaney, R., Abram, N. J., Hindmarsh, R. C. A., Arrowsmith, C., Fleet, L., Triest, J., Sime, L. C., Alemany, O., and Foord, S.: Recent Antarctic Peninsula warming relative to Holocene climate and ice-shelf history, Nature, 489, 141–144, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature11391, 2012.
Nielsdóttir, M. C., Bibby, T. S., Moore, C. M., Hinz, D. J., Sanders, R., Whitehouse, M., Korb, R., and Achterberg, E. P.: Seasonal and spatial dynamics of iron availability in the Scotia Sea, Mar. Chem., 130/131, 62–72, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2011.12.004, 2012.
Oksman, M., Kvorning, A. B., Larsen, S. H., Kjeldsen, K. K., Mankoff, K. D., Colgan, W., Andersen, T. J., Nørgaard-Pedersen, N., Seidenkrantz, M.-S., Mikkelsen, N., and Ribeiro.: Impact of freshwater runoff from the southwest Greenland Ice Sheet on fjord productivity since the late 19th century, The Cryosphere, 16, 2471–2491, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-2471-2022, 2022.
Oppedal, L. T., Bakke, J., Paasche, Ø., Werner, J. P., and van der Bilt, E. G. M.: Cirque glacier on South Georgia shows centennial variability over the last 7000 years, Front. Earth Sci., 6, 1–18, https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2018.00002, 2018.
Oksanen, J. and Minchin, P. R.: Instability of ordination results under changes in input data order: explanations and remedies, J. Veg. Sci., 8, 447–454, https://doi.org/10.2307/3237336, 1997.
Peck, V. L., Allen, C. S., Kender, S., McClymont, E. L., and Hodgson, D.: Oceanographic variability on the West Antarctic Peninsula during the Holocene and the influence of upper circumpolar deep water, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 119, 54–65, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2015.04.002, 2015.
Pedro, J. B., Bostock, H. C., Bitz, C. M., He, F., Vandergoes, M. J., Steig, E. J., Chase, B. M., Krause, C. E., Rasmussen, S. O., Markle, B. R., and Cortese, G.: The spatial extent and dynamics of the Antarctic Cold Reversal, Nat. Geosci., 9, 51–55, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo2580, 2016.
Perren, B. B., Hodgson, D. A., Roberts, S. J., Sime, L., van Nieuwenhuyze, W., Verleyen, E., and Vyverman, W.: Southward migration of the Southern Hemisphere westerly winds corresponds with warming climate over centennial timescales, Commun. Earth Environ., 1, 58, https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-020-00059-6, 2020.
Pike, J. and Kemp, A. E. S.: Diatom mats in Gulf of California sediments: Implications for the paleoenvironmental interpretation of laminated sediments and silica burial, Geology, 27, 311–314, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1999)027<0311:DMIGOC>2.3.CO;2, 1999.
Pohlman, J. W., Riedel, M., Bauer, J. E., Canuel, E. A., Paull, C. K., Lapham, L., Grabowski, K. S., Coffin, R. B., and Spence, G. D.: Anaerobic methane oxidation in low-organic content methane seep sediments, Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 108, 184–201, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2013.01.022, 2013.
Putnam, A. E., Denton, G. H., Schaefer, J. M., Barrell, D. J. A., Andersen, B. G., Finkel, R. C., Schwartz, R., Doughty, A. M., Kaplan, M. R., and Schluchter, C.: Glacier advance in southern middle-latitudes during the Antarctic Cold Reversal, Nat. Geosci., 3, 700–704, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo962, 2010.
Roberts, S. J., Hodgson, D. A., Shelley, S., Royles, J., Griffiths, H. J., Deen, T. J., and Thorne, M. A. S.: Establishing lichenometric ages for nineteenth- and twentieth-century glacier fluctuations on South Georgia (South Atlantic), Geogr. Ann. S. A Phys. Geogr., 92, 125–139, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0459.2010.00382.x, 2010.
Rodrigues, A. R., Malus, J. C. C., de Santis Braga, E., and Eichler, B. B.: Recent benthic foraminiferal distribution and related environmental factors in Ezcurra Inlet, King George Island, Antarctica, Antarct. Sci., 22, 343–360, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954102010000179, 2010.
Römer, M., Torres, M., Kasten, S., Kuhn, G., Graham, A. G. C., Mau, S., Little, C. T. S., Linse, K., Pape, T., Geprägs, P., Fischer, D., Wintersteller, P., Marcon, Y., Rethemeyer, J., and Bohrmann, G.: First evidence of widespread active methane seepage in the Southern Ocean, off the sub-Antarctic island of South Georgia, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 403, 166–177, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2014.06.036, 2014.
Rosqvist, G. C., Rietti-Shati, M., and Shemesh, A.: Late glacial to middle Holocene climatic record of lacustrine biogenic silica oxygen isotopes from a Southern Ocean island, Geology, 27, 967–970, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1999)027<0967:LGTMHC>2.3.CO;2, 1999.
Schlosser, C., Schmidt, K., Aquilina, A., Homoky, W. B., Castrillejo, M., Mills, R. A., Patey, M. D., Fielding, S., Atkinson, A., and Achterberg, E. P.: Mechanisms of dissolved and labile particulate iron supply to shelf waters and phytoplankton blooms off South Georgia, Southern Ocean, Biogeosciences, 15, 4973–4993, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-4973-2018, 2018.
Schneider, A., Crémière, A., Panieri, G., Lepland, A., and Knies, J.: Diagenetic alteration of benthic foraminifera from a methane seep site on the Vestnesa Ridge (NW Svalbard margin), Deep-Sea Res. Pt. I, 123, 22–34, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2017.03.001, 2017.
Schmiedl, G. and Leuschner, D. C.: Oxygenation changes in the deep western Arabian Sea during the last 190,000 years: Productivity versus deepwater circulation, Paleoceanography, 20, PA2008, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004PA001044, 2005.
Skinner, L. C., Muschitiello, F., and Scrivner, A. E.: Marine reservoir age variability over the last deglaciation: Implications for marine carbon cycling and prospects for regional radiocarbon calibrations, Paleoceanogr. Paleocl., 34, 1807–1815, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019PA003667, 2019.
Spoth, M., Hall, B., Lowell, T., Diefendorf, A. F., Corcoran, M. C., and Brickle, P.: Tracking the southern hemisphere westerlies during and since the last glacial maximum with multiproxy lake records from the Falkland Islands (52° S), Quaternary Sci. Rev., 311, 108135, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2023.108135, 2023.
Strelin, J. A., Kaplan, M. R., Vandergoes, M. J., Denton, H. G., and Schaefer, J. M.: Holocene glacier history of the Lago Argentino basin, Southern Patagonian Icefield, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 101, 124–145, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2014.06.026, 2014.
Strother, S. L., Salzmann, U., Roberts, S. J., Hodgson, D. A., Woodward, J., Nieuwenhuyze, W. V., Verleyen, E., Vyverman, W., and Moreton, S. G.: Changes in Holocene climate and the intensity of Southern Hemisphere Westerly Winds based on a high-resolution palynological record from sub-Antarctic South Georgia, Holocene, 25, 263–279, https://doi.org/10.1177/0959683614557576, 2015.
Toggweiler, J. R., Russell, J. L., and Carson, S. R.: Midlatitude westerlies, atmospheric CO2, and climate change during the ice ages, Paleoceanography, 21, PA2005, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005PA001154, 2006.
van der Bilt, W. G. M., D'Andrea, W. J., Oppedal, L. T., Bakke, J., Bjune, A. E., and Zwier, M.: Stable Southern Hemisphere westerly winds throughout the Holocene until intensification in the last two millennia, Commun. Earth Environ., 3, 186, https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-022-00512-8, 2022.
van der Putten, N. and Verbruggen, C.: The onset of deglaciation of Cumberland Bay and Stromness Bay, South Georgia, Antarct. Sci., 17, 29–32, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954102005002397, 2005.
van der Putten, N., Stieperaere, H., Verbruggen, C., and Ochyra, R.: Holocene palaeoecology and climate history of South Georgia (sub-Antarctica) based on a macrofossil record of bryophytes and seeds, Holocene, 14, 382–392, https://doi.org/10.1191/0959683604hl714rp, 2004.
White, D. A., Bennike, O., Melles, M., Berg, S., and Binnie, S. A.: Was South Georgia covered by an ice cap during the Last Glacial Maximum?, Geol. Soc. Lond. Sp. Publ., 461, 49–59, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP461.4, 2018.
Wycech, J., Kelly, D. C., and Marcott, S.: Effects of seafloor diagenesis on planktic foraminiferal radiocarbon ages, Geology, 44, 551–554, https://doi.org/10.1130/G37864.1, 2016.
Xia, Z., Oppedal, L. T., van der Putten, N., Bakker, J., and Yu, Z.: Ecological response of a glacier-fed peatland to late Holocene climate and glacier changes on subantarctic South Georgia, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 250, 1066792, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2020.106679, 2020.
Xiao, W., Esper, O., and Gersonde, R.: Last Glacial-Holocene climate variability in the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 135, 115–137, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2016.01.023, 2016.
Zwier, M., van der Bilt, W. G. M., de Stigter, H., and Bjune, A. E.: Pollen evidence of variations in Holocene climate and Southern Hemisphere Westerly Wind strength on sub-Antarctic South Georgia, Holocene, 32, 147–158, https://doi.org/10.1177/09596836211060495, 2021.
Short summary
The sub-Antarctic island of South Georgia has a dynamic glacial history and is sensitive to climate change. Using benthic foraminifera and various geochemical proxies, we reconstruct inner–middle shelf productivity and infer glacial evolution since the late deglacial, identifying new mid–late-Holocene glacial readvances. Fursenkoina fusiformis acts as a good proxy for productivity.
The sub-Antarctic island of South Georgia has a dynamic glacial history and is sensitive to...
