Articles | Volume 44, issue 2 
            
                
                    
                    
            
            
            https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-44-401-2025
                    © Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under 
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
                the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-44-401-2025
                    © Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under 
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
                the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Quantitative measurement of benthic foraminifera sediment reworking using a three-dimensional sensor
Manon Doutrelant
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
                                            
                                    
                                            Univ. Lille, CNRS, IRD, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, UMR 8187, LOG, Laboratoire d'Océanologie et de Géosciences, Station Marine de Wimereux, 59000 Lille, France
                                        
                                    
                                            Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, EPOC, UMR 5805, Arcachon, France
                                        
                                    Alicia Romero-Ramirez
                                            Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, EPOC, UMR 5805, Arcachon, France
                                        
                                    Aurélie Ciutat
                                            Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, EPOC, UMR 5805, Arcachon, France
                                        
                                    Vincent M. P. Bouchet
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
                                            
                                    
                                            Univ. Lille, CNRS, IRD, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, UMR 8187, LOG, Laboratoire d'Océanologie et de Géosciences, Station Marine de Wimereux, 59000 Lille, France
                                        
                                    Olivier Maire
                                            Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, EPOC, UMR 5805, Arcachon, France
                                        
                                    Related authors
No articles found.
Mary McGann, Maria Holzmann, Vincent M. P. Bouchet, Sibelle Trevisan Disaró, Patrícia P. B. Eichler, David W. Haig, Stephen J. Himson, Hiroshi Kitazato, Jean-Charles Pavard, Irina Polovodova Asteman, André R. Rodrigues, Clément M. Tremblin, Masashi Tsuchiya, Mark Williams, Phoebe O'Brien, Josefin Asplund, Malou Axelsson, and Thomas D. Lorenson
                                    J. Micropalaeontol., 44, 275–317, https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-44-275-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-44-275-2025, 2025
                                    Short summary
                                    Short summary
                                            
                                                The foraminifer Trochammina hadai, native to Asia, has been found in the USA, Canada, Sweden, France, Brazil, and Australia coastal waters. The primary vectors of introduction include mariculture of oysters and the plant matter in which they were shipped, as well as the release of ballast water/sediment in receiving ports. Secondary introductions occur by mud attached to anchors of fishing and pleasure boats. Globally, the species has spread rapidly, impacting native species and local biodiversity.
                                            
                                            
                                        Vincent M. P. Bouchet, Silvia Helena de Mello e Sousa, Carla Bonetti, Leticia Burone, Pierre Belart, Wania Duleba, Fabio Francescangeli, Fabrizio Frontalini, Lazaro Laut, Débora S. Raposo, André R. Rodrigues, Sibelle Trevisan Disaró, Daniel Vicente Pupo, Fabrício Leandro Damasceno, Jean-Charles Pavard, and Maria Virgínia Alves Martins
                                    J. Micropalaeontol., 44, 237–261, https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-44-237-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-44-237-2025, 2025
                                    Short summary
                                    Short summary
                                            
                                                This study evaluates benthic foraminifera as indicators of environmental health in Brazil’s coastal waters and tests Foram-AMBI using a regional species list and criteria for ecological quality status (EcoQS). A total of 95 species were classified into five groups based on their response to total organic carbon. Data from Sepetiba Bay and Guanabara Bay validated these groups, showing that Foram-AMBI accurately reflects ecological conditions. The study highlights the importance of regional species lists for biomonitoring.
                                            
                                            
                                        Dewi Langlet, Florian Mermillod-Blondin, Noémie Deldicq, Arthur Bauville, Gwendoline Duong, Lara Konecny, Mylène Hugoni, Lionel Denis, and Vincent M. P. Bouchet
                                    Biogeosciences, 20, 4875–4891, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4875-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4875-2023, 2023
                                    Short summary
                                    Short summary
                                            
                                                Benthic foraminifera are single-cell marine organisms which can move in the sediment column. They were previously reported to horizontally and vertically transport sediment particles, yet the impact of their motion on the dissolved fluxes remains unknown. Using microprofiling, we show here that foraminiferal burrow formation increases the oxygen penetration depth in the sediment, leading to a change in the structure of the prokaryotic community.
                                            
                                            
                                        Julien Richirt, Magali Schweizer, Aurélia Mouret, Sophie Quinchard, Salha A. Saad, Vincent M. P. Bouchet, Christopher M. Wade, and Frans J. Jorissen
                                    J. Micropalaeontol., 40, 61–74, https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-40-61-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-40-61-2021, 2021
                                    Short summary
                                    Short summary
                                            
                                                The study presents (1) a validation of a method which was previously published allowing us to recognize different Ammonia phylotypes (T1, T2 and T6) based only on their morphology and (2) a refined biogeographical distribution presented here supporting the putatively invasive character of phylotype T6. Results suggest that phylotype T6 is currently spreading out and supplanting autochthonous phylotypes T1 and T2 along the coastlines of the British Isles and northern France.
                                            
                                            
                                        Cited articles
                        
                        Aller, R. C.: Sedimentary Diagenesis, Depositional Environments, and Benthic Fluxes, in: Treatise on Geochemistry, Elsevier, 293–334, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-095975-7.00611-2, 2014. 
                    
                
                        
                        Bernard, G., Gammal, J., Järnström, M., Norkko, J., and Norkko, A.: Quantifying bioturbation across coastal seascapes: Habitat characteristics modify effects of macrofaunal communities, J. Sea Res., 152, 101766, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seares.2019.101766, 2019. 
                    
                
                        
                        Bernstein, B. B., Hessler, R. R., Smith, R., and Jumars, P. A.: Spatial dispersion of benthic Foraminifera in the abyssal central North Pacific 1, Limnol. Oceanogr., 23, 401–416, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1978.23.3.0401, 1978. 
                    
                
                        
                        Bonaglia, S., Nascimento, F. J. A., Bartoli, M., Klawonn, I., and Brüchert, V.: Meiofauna increases bacterial denitrification in marine sediments, Nat. Commun., 5, 5133, https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms6133, 2014. 
                    
                
                        
                        Bonaglia, S., Hedberg, J., Marzocchi, U., Iburg, S., Glud, R. N., and Nascimento, F. J. A.: Meiofauna improve oxygenation and accelerate sulfide removal in the seasonally hypoxic seabed, Mar. Environ. Res., 159, 104968, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marenvres.2020.104968, 2020. 
                    
                
                        
                        Bouchet, V. M. P. and Seuront, L.: Strength may lie in numbers: Intertidal Foraminifera non-negligible contribution to surface sediment reworking, Open J. Mar. Sci., 10, 131–140, https://doi.org/10.4236/ojms.2020.103010, 2020. 
                    
                
                        
                        Buffoni, G., Delfanti, R., and Papucci, C.: Accumulation rates and mixing processes in near-surface North Atlantic sediments: Evidence from C-14 and Pu-239,240 downcore profiles, Mar. Geol., 109, 159–170, https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-3227(92)90226-8, 1992. 
                    
                
                        
                        Cedhagen, T., Mamuaja, J. M., and Lund-Hansen, L. C.: The sediment reworking foraminiferan Ammonia cf. aomoriensis is a sediment destabilizer: Insights from an experiment with artificial removal of the pseudopods, Reg. Stud. Mar. Sc., 45, 101814, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rsma.2021.101814, 2021. 
                    
                
                        
                        Cesbron, F., Geslin, E., Jorissen, F. J., Delgard, M. L., Charrieau, L., Deflandre, B., Jézéquel, D., Anschutz, P., and Metzger, E.: Vertical distribution and respiration rates of benthic Foraminifera: Contribution to aerobic remineralization in intertidal mudflats covered by Zostera noltei meadows, Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci., 179, 23–38, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2015.12.005, 2016. 
                    
                
                        
                        Chandler, G. T.: Foraminifera may structure meiobenthic communities, Oecologia, 81, 354–360, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00377083, 1989. 
                    
                
                        
                        Coull, B. C.: Role of meiofauna in estuarine soft-bottom habitats, Aust. J. Ecol., 24, 327–343, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1442-9993.1999.00979.x, 1999. 
                    
                
                        
                        Dairain, A., Maire, O., Meynard, G., Richard, A., Rodolfo-Damiano, T., and Orvain, F.: Sediment stability: can we disentangle the effect of bioturbating species on sediment erodibility from their impact on sediment roughness?, Mar. Environ. Res., 162, 105147, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marenvres.2020.105147, 2020. 
                    
                
                        
                        De Borger, E., Tiano, J., Braeckman, U., Ysebaert, T., and Soetaert, K.: Biological and biogeochemical methods for estimating bioirrigation: a case study in the Oosterschelde estuary, Biogeosciences, 17, 1701–1715, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-1701-2020, 2020. 
                    
                
                        
                        Deldicq, N., Seuront, L., Langlet, D., and Bouchet, V.: Assessing behavioural traits of benthic Foraminifera: Implications for sediment mixing, Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser., 643, 21–31, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps13334, 2020. 
                    
                
                        
                        Deldicq, N., Seuront, L., and Bouchet, V. M. P.: Inter-specific and inter-individual trait variability matter in surface sediment reworking rates of intertidal benthic Foraminifera, Mar. Biol., 168, 101, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-021-03908-w, 2021. 
                    
                
                        
                        Deldicq, N., Mermillod-Blondin, F., and Bouchet, V. M. P.: Sediment reworking of intertidal sediments by the benthic Foraminifera Haynesina germanica: the importance of motion behaviour and densities, P. Roy. Soc. B, 290, 20230193, https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2023.0193, 2023. 
                    
                
                        
                        Doutrelant, M., Romero Ramirez, A., Ciutat, A., Bouchet, V., and Maire, O.: Quantitative measurement of benthic foraminifera sediment reworking using a 3-dimensional sensor, Zenodo [data set], https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17185302, 2025. 
                    
                
                        
                        Fouet, M., Daviray, M., Geslin, E., Metzger, E., and Jorissen, F.: Foraminiferal test dissolution reveals severe sediment acidification in estuarine mudflats: new perspectives for present and historical assessment, Comptes Rendus Géoscience, 356, 83–96, https://doi.org/10.5802/crgeos.269, 2024a. 
                    
                
                        
                        Fouet, M. P. A., Schweizer, M., Singer, D., Richirt, J., Quinchard, S., and Jorissen, F. J.: Unravelling the distribution of three Ammonia species (Foraminifera, Rhizaria) in French Atlantic Coast estuaries using morphological and metabarcoding approaches, Mar. Micropaleontol., 188, 102353, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marmicro.2024.102353, 2024b 
                    
                
                        
                        Gautreau, E., Volatier, L., Nogaro, G., Gouze, E., Marmonier, P., and Mermillod-Blondin, F.: Interactions between microbial activity and bioturbation modes of benthic invertebrates determine nutrient releases from reservoir sediments, Freshwater Biol., 68, 245–259, https://doi.org/10.1111/fwb.14021, 2023. 
                    
                
                        
                        Gross, O.: Sediment interactions of Foraminifera: Implications for food degradation and bioturbation processes, J. Foramin. Res., 32, 414–424, https://doi.org/10.2113/0320414, 2002. 
                    
                
                        
                        Heinz, P., Geslin, E., and Hemleben, C.: Laboratory observations of benthic foraminiferal cysts, Mar. Biol. Res., 1, 149–159, https://doi.org/10.1080/17451000510019114, 2005. 
                    
                
                        
                        Henderson, G. M., Lindsay, F. N., and Slowey, N. C.: Variation in bioturbation with water depth on marine slopes: A study on the Little Bahamas Bank, Mar. Geol., 160, 105–118, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0025-3227(99)00018-3, 1999. 
                    
                
                        
                        Kim, K. H. and Burnett, W. C.: Accumulation and biological mixing of Peru margin sediments, Mar. Geol., 80, 181–194, https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-3227(88)90089-8, 1988. 
                    
                
                        
                        Kristensen, E., Penha-Lopes, G., Delefosse, M., Valdemarsen, T., Quintana, C., and Banta, G.: What is bioturbation? The need for a precise definition for fauna in aquatic sciences, Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser., 446, 285–302, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps09506, 2012. 
                    
                
                        
                        Langlet, D., Mermillod-Blondin, F., Deldicq, N., Bauville, A., Duong, G., Konecny, L., Hugoni, M., Denis, L., and Bouchet, V. M. P.: Single-celled bioturbators: Benthic Foraminifera mediate oxygen penetration and prokaryotic diversity in intertidal sediment, Biogeosciences, 20, 4875–4891, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4875-2023, 2023. 
                    
                
                        
                        Maire, O., Duchêne, J., Bigot, L., and Grémare, A.: Linking feeding activity and sediment reworking in the deposit-feeding bivalve Abra ovata with image analysis, laser telemetry, and luminophore tracers, Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser., 351, 139–150, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps07147, 2007. 
                    
                
                        
                        Maire, O., Lecroart, P., Meysman, F., Rosenberg, R., Duchêne, J., and Grémare, A.: Quantification of sediment reworking rates in bioturbation research: a review, Aquat. Biol., 2, 219–238, https://doi.org/10.3354/ab00053, 2008. 
                    
                
                        
                        Maire, O., Barras, C., Gestin, T., Nardelli, M., Romero-Ramirez, A., Duchêne, J., and Geslin, E.: How does macrofaunal bioturbation influence the vertical distribution of living benthic Foraminifera?, Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser., 561, 83–97, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps11929, 2016. 
                    
                
                        
                        Massé, C., Garabetian, F., Deflandre, B., Maire, O., Costes, L., Mesmer-Dudons, N., Duchêne, J.-C., Bernard, G., Grémare, A., and Ciutat, A.: Feeding ethology and surface sediment reworking by the ampharetid polychaete Melinna palmata Grube, 1870: Effects on sediment characteristics and aerobic bacterial community composition, J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol., 512, 63–77, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2018.12.009, 2019. 
                    
                
                        
                        Meadows, P. S. and Tufail, A.: Bioturbation, microbial activity and sediment properties in an estuarine ecosystem, P. Roy. Soc. B, 90, 129–142, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0269727000004930, 1986. 
                    
                
                        
                        Mermillod-Blondin, F., Rosenberg, R., François-Carcaillet, F., Norling, K., and Mauclaire, L.: Influence of bioturbation by three benthic infaunal species on microbial communities and biogeochemical processes in marine sediment, Aquat. Microb. Ecol., 36, 271–284, https://doi.org/10.3354/ame036271, 2004. 
                    
                
                        
                        Murray, J. W.: Biodiversity of living benthic foraminifera: How many species are there?, Mar. Micropaleontol., 64, 163–176, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marmicro.2007.04.002, 2007. 
                    
                
                        
                        Nelson, C. H., Johnson, K. R., and Barber, J. H.: Gray Whale and Walrus Feeding Excavation on the Bering Shelf, Alaska, J. Sediment. Petrol., 57, 419–430, https://doi.org/10.1306/212F8B4D-2B24-11D7-8648000102C1865D, 1987. 
                    
                
                        
                        Orvain, F., Sauriau, P., Sygut, A., Joassard, L., and Le Hir, P.: Interacting effects of Hydrobia ulvae bioturbation and microphytobenthos on the erodibility of mudflat sediments, Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser., 278, 205–223, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps278205, 2004. 
                    
                
                        
                        Pavard, J.-C., Richirt, J., Seuront, L., Blanchet, H., Fouet, M. P. A., Humbert, S., Gouillieux, B., Duong, G., and Bouchet, V. M. P.: The great shift: The non-indigenous species Ammonia confertitesta (Foraminifera, Rhizaria) outcompetes indigenous Ammonia species in the Gironde estuary (France), Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci., 289, 108378, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2023.108378, 2023. 
                    
                
                        
                        Queirós, A. M., Birchenough, S. N. R., Bremner, J., Godbold, J. A., Parker, R. E., Romero-Ramirez, A., Reiss, H., Solan, M., Somerfield, P. J., Van Colen, C., Van Hoey, G., and Widdicombe, S.: A bioturbation classification of European marine infaunal invertebrates, Ecol. Evol., 3, 3958–3985, https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.769, 2013. 
                    
                
                        
                        Richard, A., Orvain, F., Morelle, J., Romero-Ramirez, A., Bernard, G., Paulin-Henricksson, S., Cordier, M.-A., Montaudouin, X. D., and Maire, O.: Impact of Sediment Bioturbation on Microphytobenthic Primary Producers: Importance of Macrobenthic Functional Traits, Ecosystems, 26, 1077–1094, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-022-00817-x, 2023. 
                    
                
                        
                        Røy, H., Hüttel, M., and Jørgensen, B. B.: The role of small-scale sediment topography for oxygen flux across the diffusive boundary layer, Limnol. Oceanogr., 47, 837–847, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2002.47.3.0837, 2002. 
                    
                
                        
                        Røy, H., Huettel, M., and Jørgensen, B. B.: The influence of topography on the functional exchange surface of marine soft sediments, assessed from sediment topography measured in situ, Limnol. Oceanogr., 50, 106–112, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2005.50.1.0106, 2005. 
                    
                
                        
                        Schindelin, J., Arganda-Carreras, I., Frise, E., Kaynig, V., Longair, M., Pietzsch, T., Preibisch, S., Rueden, C., Saalfeld, S., Schmid, B., Tinevez, J.-Y., White, D. J., Hartenstein, V., Eliceiri, K., Tomancak, P., and Cardona, A.: Fiji: an open-source platform for biological-image analysis, Nat. Meth., 9, 676–682, https://doi.org/10.1038/nmeth.2019, 2012. 
                    
                
                        
                        Schratzberger, M. and Ingels, J.: Meiofauna matters: The roles of meiofauna in benthic ecosystems, J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol., 502, 12–25, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2017.01.007, 2018. 
                    
                
                        
                        Severin, K. P., Culver, S. J., and Blanpied, C.: Burrows and trails produced by Quinqueloculina impressa Reuss, a benthic foraminifer, in fine-grained sediment, Sedimentology, 29, 897–901, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3091.1982.tb00093.x, 1982. 
                    
                
                        
                        Shen, H., Jiang, G., Wan, X., Li, H., Qiao, Y., Thrush, S., and He, P.: Response of the microbial community to bioturbation by benthic macrofauna on intertidal flats, J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol., 488, 44–51, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2016.12.010, 2017.  
                    
                
                        
                        Shull, D. H., Benoit, J. M., Wojcik, C., and Senning, J. R.: Infaunal burrow ventilation and pore-water transport in muddy sediments, Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci., 83, 277–286, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2009.04.005, 2009. 
                    
                
                        
                        Solan, M., Batty, P., Bulling, M., and Godbold, J.: How biodiversity affects ecosystem processes: implications for ecological revolutions and benthic ecosystem function, Aquat. Biol., 2, 289–301, https://doi.org/10.3354/ab00058, 2008. 
                    
                
                        
                        Wheatcroft, R. A., Jumars, P. A., Smith, C. R., and Nowell, A. R. M.: A mechanistic view of the particulate biodiffusion coefficient: Step lengths, rest periods and transport directions, J. Mar. Res., 48, 177–207, https://doi.org/10.1357/002224090784984560, 1990. 
                    
                
                        
                        Zeppilli, D., Leduc, D., Fontanier, C., Fontaneto, D., Fuchs, S., Gooday, A. J., Goineau, A., Ingels, J., Ivanenko, V. N., Kristensen, R. M., Neves, R. C., Sanchez, N., Sandulli, R., Sarrazin, J., Sørensen, M. V., Tasiemski, A., Vanreusel, A., Autret, M., Bourdonnay, L., Claireaux, M., Coquillé, V., De Wever, L., Rachel, D., Marchant, J., Toomey, L., and Fernandes, D.: Characteristics of meiofauna in extreme marine ecosystems: a review, Mar. Biodiv., 48, 35–71, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12526-017-0815-z, 2018. 
                    
                Short summary
            Due to their size (< 1 mm), studying the impact of benthic foraminifera on their ecosystem can be challenging. The purpose of this article is to describe a new methodology that will lead to a better understanding, through their bioturbating activities, of the role of benthic foraminifera in marine ecosystems. It also compares this new method with the current one. We demonstrate that the new method is much more precise and quicker than the previous one.
            Due to their size (< 1 mm), studying the impact of benthic foraminifera on their ecosystem can...
            
         
 
                        
                                         
                        
                                         
                        
                                         
                        
                                         
             
             
            