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| 16 May 2018
New species of Mesozoic benthic foraminifera from the former British Petroleum micropalaeontology collection
Stephen Stukins
Tom Hill
Haydon W. Bailey
This paper describes five new Mesozoic, deep-water benthic foraminifera from the former British Petroleum microfossil reference collections at the Natural History Museum, London. The focus is on selected calcareous and agglutinating taxa that are of stratigraphical and/or palaeoecological significance for academic and industrial related activities.
Ophthalmidium dracomaris (urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:CCE951DF-0446-416B-AC2D-C5322CD335D2), Trochammina fordonensis (urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:4F00A270-F9B2-46D4-8587-C7ADCC191D13), Eobigenerina calloviensis (urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:B8443AA5-CFE4-44C0-A5A2-65EA97BF7EFA), Arenoturrispirillina swiecickii (urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:06A35E03-5AA4-4363-B471-4E1A0091F62E) and Ataxophragmium mariae (urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:B8443AA5-CFE4-44C0-A5A2-65EA97BF7EFA) are described with new illustrations. Their biostratigraphic and palaeoecological significance are briefly discussed.
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The North Sea Basin lies in between Scandinavia and north-western Europe and is bounded by the continental shelf edge, approximately comparable to the region covered by the current North Sea today. It is a topographical low and can be divided into several sub-basins of late Palaeozoic through Cenozoic age (Carr, 2004). The area has an active tectonic history and deposition has varied between the different basins. Benthic foraminifera have been used extensively in the oil and gas industry to date the sediments and investigate the impact of environmental and palaeobathymetric changes on these semi-enclosed basins (Gradstein et al., 1994; Jenkins and Murray, 1989; King and Hughes, 1983).
British Petroleum's exploration activities, especially in the UK sector, during the middle of the 20th century amassed a large volume of Mesozoic sample material and subsequently prepared micropalaeontological specimens, many of which are now housed at the Natural History Museum, London. The north-western European reference collection contains many of the specimens used in exploration activities and provides an almost unique collection of useful, yet in some instances formally un-described, foraminiferal taxa.
The taxonomy of the Cenozoic material from this collection has already been the focus of separate study (Fox et al., 2018). Presented here are five newly named species of Mesozoic benthic foraminifera which have academic and industrial value in their biostratigraphic and palaeoecological significance.
Light microscope images were taken using a Nikon SMZ25 stereoscopic zoom microscope and Nikon DS-Fi2 digital camera. SEM images were taken using uncoated specimens on a LEO 1455 VP scanning electron microscope.
We present systematic data (descriptions, synonymies, biogeography and palaeoecologies) that were assembled from primary research, from the micropalaeontological literature, and also from consultation with specialists. Brief geological context is also provided, where available, for the well and/or outcrop where the type specimens were found. The taxonomic classification follows Loeblich and Tappan (1987) with a few exceptions which mainly reflect taxonomic updates published subsequently (Kaminski, 2014).
Order Miliolida Delage & Hérouard, 1896
Superfamily Nubecularioidea Jones, 1875
Family Ophthalmidiidae Wiesner, 1920
Genus Ophthalmidium Kubler & Zwingli, 1870
Type species: Oculina porosa Kubler & Zwingli, 1866
Ophthalmidium dracomaris sp. nov.
Figs. 1.1–1.5
Synonyms
Ophthalmidium sp. A Coleman in Horton et al. 1974.
Ophthalmidium sp. A Medd in Richardson 1979.
Ophthalmidium sp. A Morris & Coleman 1981, 221. pl. 6.3.6, fig. 15.
Diagnosis: Compressed porcellaneous test, consisting
of six to eight chambers, with a long tapering neck and simple circular
aperture.
Dimensions:
Diameter is ∼ 100 µm; height of test is
∼ 300 µm.
Description: Test compressed, elliptical in outline;
porcellaneous wall texture, periphery acute and weakly keeled; chambers
almost invisible externally, half-whorl in length, rounded at the base and
tapering slightly towards the aperture, margins almost parallel, sutures very
weakly depressed; aperture is simple, circular, at the end of a long tapering
neck, lacking a tooth.
Remarks: Specimens were originally described by Coleman (1974; in
Hortman et al., 1974) from the area around Milton Keynes, Buckinghamshire,
and these have been described in some detail by Morris and Coleman (1989).
Ophthalmidium dracomaris sp. nov. differs from O. compressum (Barnard, Cordey & Shipp, 1981) by possessing fewer chambers.
O. maredraco bears a resemblance to O. michalskii
illustrated in Plate 1, Figs. 1, 6 and 7, but differs by having a more
flattened, less rounded test and a longer, narrower neck.
Type level: Middle
Jurassic. Late Callovian, athleta–lamberti ammonite zones.
Type locality: Well:
Tetney Lock-1, Lincolnshire, UK. Depth: 1652 ft (503.5 m).
Distribution: Late
Callovian of England.
Etymology: This species was named based upon its resemblance to the
head of a sea dragon.
Holotype: NHMUK PM PF 74496.
Paratypes: NHMUK PM PF 74497–74500.
Plate 1(1–5) Ophthalmidium dracomaris n. sp.: (1) holotype (NHMUK PM PF 74496); (2–5) paratypes (NHMUK PM PF 74497–74500). (8–9) Eobigenerina calloviensis n. sp.: (8) holotype (NHMUK PM PF 74504); (9) paratype (NHMUK PM PF 74505). (10–12) Trochammina fordonensis n. sp.: (10) holotype (NHMUK PM PF 74501); (11–12) paratype (NHMUK PM PF 74502–74503). (13–15) Arenoturrispirillina swiecickii n. sp.: (13) holotype (NHMUK PM PF 74506); (14–15) paratype (NHMUK PM PF 74507 + NHMUK PM PF 74552). (16–17) Ataxophragmium mariae n. sp.: (16) holotype (NHMUK PM PF 74553); (17) paratype (NHMUK PM PF 74554).
Order Lituolida Lankester, 1885
Superfamily Trochamminoidea Schwager, 1877
Family Trochamminidae Schwager, 1877
Genus Trochammina Parker & Jones, 1859
Type species: Rotalia (Trochammina) inflata (Montagu) = Nautilus inflatus Montagu, 1808
Trochammina fordonensis sp. nov.
Figs. 1.10–1.12
Synonyms
Trochammina sp. 68 Internal British Petroleum report.
Diagnosis: Small, low spired, finely agglutinated,
trochoid test with eight to nine chambers in the final whorl, umbilical to
extra-umbilical aperture with a lip.
Dimensions: Diameter is 150–200 µm;
height of test is ∼ 200 µm.
Description: Test small, trochoid, flattened, very
low spired, rounded in outline; consists of two whorls with eight to nine
chambers in the final whorl, increasing gradually in size, flat on umbilical
surface, convex on spiral side. Periphery acute, slightly lobate on margin.
On the umbilical side only the final whorl is visible. Sutures are radial on
umbilical side and slightly curved on the spiral side. Wall finely
agglutinated with much cement; umbilical to extra-umbilical aperture with a
lip, opening into umbilicus commonly obscured due to preservation.
Remarks:
Trochammina fordonensis sp. nov. is similar to Trochammina aquilonaris Hedinger, 1993 in general morphology and size, but differs in
having a flattened dorsal side and radial sutures on the umbilical side.
Type level: Early
Aptian.
Type locality: Well: Fordon-1 (BGS Borehole TA07NE24), Yorkshire, UK. Depth: 750 ft (228.6 m).
Distribution: Speeton
Clay Formation, UK.
Etymology: This taxon is named after the type
locality.
Holotype:
NHMUK PM PF 74501.
Paratypes: NHMUK PM PF 74502–74503.
Order Textulariida Delage & Hérouard, 1896
Suborder Verneuilinina Mikhalevich & Kaminski, 2004.
Superfamily Verneuilinoidea Cushman, 1911.
Family Prolixoplectidae Loeblich & Tappan, 1985.
Genus Eobigenerina Cetean, Setoyama, Kaminski, Neagu, Bubík, Filipescu & Tyszka, 2008
Type species: Bigenerina variablis Vašíček, 1947
Eobigenerina calloviensis sp. nov.
Figs. 1.8–1.9
Synonyms
Bigenerina sp. 24 Internal British Petroleum report.
Diagnosis: Small biserial to uniserial agglutinating
test with six to seven slowly enlarging chambers.
Dimensions: Diameter
is ∼ 150 µm; height of test is ∼ 300 µm.
Description: Test
free, small, elongate in lateral outline and compressed; tapered at the base
and rounded at the apertural end. Consists of two sections; initially
biserial with six to seven slowly enlarging chambers; final two chambers are
loosely biserial to lax-uniserial, not symmetrical, forming an uneven row
with oblique sutures. Chambers in the uniserial part increase very little in
size as added. Sutures are thin and depressed. Aperture terminal, in the form
of a rounded opening on the slightly upwardly prolonged end of the last
chamber. Wall finely agglutinated with grains less than 20 µm in
size.
Remarks: The
genus Eobigenerina differs from
Bigenerina in possessing
organic cement that is silicified in fossil specimens. The Cenozoic genus
Bigenerina possesses calcareous cement with pseudopores. Many of the
late Paleozoic to Mesozoic species that were originally described as
Bigenerina likely belong in Eobigenerina (Cetean et al., 2011). The chamber
arrangement in the new species is initially biserial, becoming loosely
biserial to lax-uniserial (sensu Kaminski et al., 2011) in the final
chambers. This species differs from Bigenerina elongata (Gauger,
1953) and B. ciscoensis (Cushman and Waters, 1928) in possessing a
shorter uniserial part and smaller test.
Type level: Early Jurassic; late Callovian,
athleta–lamberti ammonite zones.
Type locality: Well: Tetney Lock-1 (BGS Borehole:
TA30SW93), Lincolnshire, UK. Depth 1751 ft (533.7 m).
Distribution:
Currently restricted to the immediate area around the type locality.
Etymology: This
simple agglutinating form is named for the type level at which it is found.
Holotype: NHMUK PM PF
74504.
Paratypes:
NHMUK PM PF 74505.
Order Spirillinida Hohenegger & Piller, 1975
Superfamily Ammodiscoidea Reuss, 1862
Family Ammodiscidae Reuss, 1862
Genus Arenoturrispirillina Tairov, 1956
Type species: Spirillina limbata Brady, 1879
Arenoturrispirillina swiecickii sp. nov.
Figs. 1.13–1.15
Synonyms
Arenoturrispirillina sp. A Swiecicki, 1980; pl. 1, figs. 3, 4.
Diagnosis: Single sub-rectangular to rectangular tubular chamber, coiling in a regular
trochospire, with a circular outline.
Dimensions: Diameter is ∼ 600 µm.
Description: Test free, large; low conical spire, consisting of proloculus followed by
single tubular chamber coiling in a low regular trochospire, outline
circular, peripheral margin sub-rectangular to rectangular, occasionally
developing angular keels; chamber size increasing gradually and uniformly,
forming five to six whorls; spiral suture distinct and depressed; aperture
arcuate opening at end of chamber; wall finely agglutinated, organic cement;
surface finely roughened.
Remarks: This species was referred to as Spirillina limbata Brady by Heron-Allen and Earland (1910).
However, examination of their hypotypes by Barr (1962)
revealed the present species to be distinct, bearing only a superficial
resemblance to the Recent S. limbata. Barr (1962) described this form as
“Ammodiscoides heronalleni”, but this name has never been published. This species was illustrated and
described in Swiecicki's 1980 doctoral thesis in which it was removed from
the genus Ammodiscoides Cushman (1909) as “it does not show the change
from trochospiral to planispiral growth, characteristic of this genus” and
was instead placed in Arenoturrispirillina Tairov (1956) on the basis of its “low, regular
trochospiral coil”. There have been several references (e.g.
Cushman, 1946; Hofker, 1959) to Cretaceous occurrences of
Ammodiscoides turbinatus (Cushman, 1909) originally described from the Holocene, Gulf of Mexico. This
latter species, the genotype of Ammodiscoides, “lacks the regular trochospiral form” of
the present species and therefore further investigation is required on these
Cretaceous references (Sweicicki, 1980).
Type level: Campanian, benthic foraminifera biozones B1ii–B5i.
Type locality: On shore, Ignaberga, Sweden.
Distribution: Rare specimens have been found in the Campanian of the Isle of Wight. A
single specimen was also found in the lower Maastrichtian of Norfolk
(Swiecicki, 1980).
Etymology: This species is named for Anthony Swiecicki, who first described this
taxon in his doctoral thesis on the biostratigraphy of the Campanian and
Maastrichtian chalks of the United Kingdom (1980).
Holotype: NHMUK PM PF 74506.
Paratypes: NHMUK PM PF 74507 + NHMUK PM PF
74552.
Order Loftusiida Kaminski & Mikhalevich, 2003
Superfamily Ataxophragmioidea Schwager, 1877
Family Ataxophragmiidae Schwager, 1877
Genus Ataxophragmium Reuss, 1860
Type species: Bulimina variablis d'Orbigny, 1840
Ataxophragmium mariae sp. nov.
Figs. 1.16–1.17
Synonyms
1941 Ataxogyroidina globosa (von Hagenow); Marie, p. 59, pl. 5, figs. 50-7.
1966 Ataxophragmium globosum (von Hagenow); Hofker, p. 33, p1.4, fig. 9.
1977 Ataxophragmium globosum (von Hagenow); Villain, p. 43, p1.4, figs. 2, 3.
Diagnosis: A species of Ataxophramium with
a regular, low trochospiral chamber arrangement, tendency to planoconvex
form, sub-rectangular, interiomarginal aperture and smooth surface.
Dimensions: Height of
test: 700 µm; diameter: 650 µm.
Description: Test
free; an asymmetrical low trochospiral coil with a tendency to
planoconvexity, outline
sub-spherical; two, occasionally three, whorls embracing, overlapping,
evolute; chambers indistinct, moderately and uniformly increasing in size,
may be slightly inflated, six per whorl several times higher than broad; last
chamber often overlaps previous whorl both dorsally and ventrally; sutures
distinct, flush; apertural face flat, making angle of approximately
65∘ with previous whorl; aperture a deep, elongate, sub-rectangular
slit along interiomarginal suture of last chamber, may show partial
development of central lobe; interior most often simple, occasional forms
show development of sutural buttresses; wall finely agglutinated, with
calcareous cement; surface smooth.
Remarks: Marie (1941) originally described this
rather distinctive species of Ataxophragmium, noting in particular
its characteristic form and aperture. However, he referred to it as
Nonionina globosa von Hagenow (1842), a form described, though never
figured, from the Upper Cretaceous. Later workers, including Reuss (1862),
Marsson (1878), Franke (1925, 1927), Cushman (1931), Schijfsma (1946) and
Visser (1951), have all considered N. globosa to be calcareous and
perforate, and it is herein considered to belong to the genus
Gyroidinoides. The present form A. mariae is broadly
similar in shape, but its wall character and aperture serve clearly to
distinguish it. Schijfsma (1946) noted the above situation and erected
Ataxogyroidina pseudoglobosa and included forms referred to by Marie
as A. globosa in its synonymy. From his figures and descriptions,
however, it is clear that A. pseudoglobosa (Schijfsma, 1946) is not
conspecific with Marie's species nor with the (Tairov, 1959) forms herein
described, lacking as it does the characteristic form, aperture and smooth
surface.
Type level:
Upper Campanian.
Type locality: German Jura.
Distribution: This species is moderately common in
the upper Campanian on the Isle of Wight and Norfolk, UK.
Etymology: Named in
honour of Pierre Marie who first described this taxon.
Holotype: NHMUK PM PF
74553.
Paratypes:
NHMUK PM PF 74554.
Five new species of deep-water benthic foraminifera from the Mesozoic of north-western Europe are described from the extensive reference collections at the Natural History Museum, London. These benthic foraminifera are important for their biostratigraphic and palaeoenvironmental value, hence their overdue formalized taxonomic descriptions. This study highlights the importance of both museum and industrial collections for their vast potential for new, publishable data, including new taxa and material from restricted and no-longer accessible locations.
Type and figured material is deposited at the Natural History Museum, London, where it available for inspection upon request.
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
We are grateful to our reviewers, Mike Kaminski and Nigel Ainsworth, whose
constructive comments greatly improved this paper. This research was
undertaken at the Natural History Museum, London, and has been funded by BP
exploration (Sunbury, UK) through the project “A Re-appraisal of the BP
Micropalaeontology Collection”.
TMS Promoted
Paper 2018.
Edited by: Kirsty
Edgar
Reviewed by: Nigel Ainsworth and Michael Kaminski
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