Articles | Volume 43, issue 2
https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-43-383-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-43-383-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
19 Sep 2024
Research article |
| 19 Sep 2024
| 19 Sep 2024
Miocene Climatic Optimum and Middle Miocene Climate Transition: a foraminiferal record from the central Ross Sea, Antarctica
Department of Earth, Geographic, and Climate Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
R. Mark Leckie
Department of Earth, Geographic, and Climate Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
Imogen M. Browne
College of Marine Science, University of South Florida, St. Petersburg, FL, USA
Amelia E. Shevenell
College of Marine Science, University of South Florida, St. Petersburg, FL, USA
Robert M. McKay
Antarctic Research Centre, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, Aotearoa / New Zealand
David M. Harwood
Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
A full list of authors appears at the end of the paper.
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Natalie J. Burls, Nicky M. Wright, R. Paul Acosta, Catherine D. Bradshaw, Edward Gasson, Lennert B. Stap, Gilles Ramstein, Anna Ruth W. Halberstadt, Agatha M. De Boer, Funda Akgün, David J. Cantrill, Manuel Casas-Gallego, Nela Doláková, Boglarka Erdei, Alex Farnsworth, Sarah Feakins, Ran Feng, Tamara Fletcher, Frédéric Fluteau, J. A. Mattias Green, Anna S. von der Heydt, Matthew Huber, David K. Hutchinson, Dimiter Ivanov, Mine Sezgül Kayseri-Özer, Gregor Knorr, Marianna Kováčová, Caroline H. Lear, Allegra N. LeGrande, Shufeng Li, Xiaoqing Liu, Daniel J. Lunt, Katrin Meissner, Yunfa Miao, Trusha J. Naik, Javier B. Navarro, Joseph B. Novak, Diana Ochoa, Guy J.G. Paxman, Matthew J. Pound, James W. B. Rae, Tammo Reichgelt, Martin Renoult, Francesca Sangiorgi, Anta-Clarisse Sarr, Diane Segalla, Pierre Sepulchre, Amelia Shevenell, Sebastian Steinig, Eivind Straume, Caroline A. E. Strömberg, Clay Tabor, Torsten Utescher, Julia E. Weiffenbach, Elżbieta Worobiec, Yurui Zhang, Feng Zhu, Jiang Zhu, Alexandra Auderset, Florence Colleoni, Aisling Dolan, Rachel Havranek, Ann Holbourn, Nicholas Herold, Daeun Lee, James W. Marschalek, Bryce Mitsunaga, Sevi Modestou, Lina Perez-Angel, Mae Saslaw, Sinda Sosdian, Elena Stiles, Yong Sun, Ning Tan, Zhongshi Zhang, and Yan Zhao
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-3595, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-3595, 2026
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Geoscientific Model Development (GMD).
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Simulating warm paleoclimates increases our understanding of the mechanisms that drive climatic change and tipping points. The Miocene Epoch, specifically the Miocene Climatic Optimum, has been identified as a particularly valuable past warm climate to simulate, meriting the design of a coordinated Miocene Model Intercomparison Project. Here we synthesize the latest available literature and present the experimental design for coordinated Miocene simulations and sensitivity studies.
Thibault Sutre, Johan Etourneau, Xavier Crosta, Nanako O. Ogawa, Robert McKay, Hisami Suga, Naohiko Ohkouchi, and Carlota Escutia
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-1897, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-1897, 2026
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Antarctic coastal waters are highly productive, but long-term changes in nutrient supply remain poorly understood. We present the first 2,000-year record of nitrogen isotopes in chlorophyll from Adélie Land, East Antarctica, to reconstruct this part of the nutrient cycle. The results suggest that changes in sea ice and climate influenced the supply of nitrate-rich deep waters and marine phytoplankton productivity.
Emma M. de Jong, Xavier Crosta, Sebastian Naeher, Bella Duncan, Johan Etourneau, Jae Il Lee, Robert McKay, and V. Holly L. Winton
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-5553, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-5553, 2025
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This study examines chemical and biological traces (biomarkers) of microscopic algae in Antarctic sediments. We show how sea ice conditions and different phytoplankton communities influence the types of biomarkers preserved on the seafloor, and how these records reveal an overall increase in sea ice duration in the Ross Sea over the past 200 years.
Bella J. Duncan, Robert McKay, Richard Levy, Joseph G. Prebble, Timothy Naish, Osamu Seki, Christoph Kraus, Heiko Moossen, G. Todd Ventura, Denise K. Kulhanek, and James Bendle
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-4021, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-4021, 2025
Preprint archived
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We use plant wax compound specific stable isotopes to investigate how ancient Antarctic vegetation adapted to glacial conditions 23 million years ago. We find plants became less water efficient to prioritise photosynthesis during short, harsh growing seasons. Ecosystem changes also included enhanced aridity, and a shift to a stunted, low elevation vegetation. This shows the adaptability of ancient Antarctic vegetation under atmospheric CO2 conditions comparable to modern.
Julia L. Seidenstein, R. Mark Leckie, Robert McKay, Laura De Santis, David Harwood, and IODP Expedition 374 Scientists
J. Micropalaeontol., 43, 211–238, https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-43-211-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-43-211-2024, 2024
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Warmer waters in the Southern Ocean have led to the loss of Antarctic ice during past interglacial times. The shells of foraminifera are preserved in Ross Sea sediment, which is collected in cores. Benthic species from Site U1523 inform us about changing water masses and current activity, including incursions of Circumpolar Deep Water. Warm water planktic species were found in sediment samples from four intervals within 3.72–1.82 million years ago, indicating warmer than present conditions.
Serena N. Dameron, R. Mark Leckie, David Harwood, Reed Scherer, and Peter-Noel Webb
J. Micropalaeontol., 43, 187–209, https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-43-187-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-43-187-2024, 2024
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In 1977-79, the Ross Ice Shelf Project recovered ocean sediments ~ 450 km south of the present-day ice shelf calving front. Within these sediments are microfossils, which are used to recreate the history of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) and address how the ice sheet responded to past times of extreme warmth. The microfossils reveal the WAIS collapsed multiple times in the past 17 million years. These results inform predictions of future WAIS response to rising global temperatures.
Molly O. Patterson, Richard H. Levy, Denise K. Kulhanek, Tina van de Flierdt, Huw Horgan, Gavin B. Dunbar, Timothy R. Naish, Jeanine Ash, Alex Pyne, Darcy Mandeno, Paul Winberry, David M. Harwood, Fabio Florindo, Francisco J. Jimenez-Espejo, Andreas Läufer, Kyu-Cheul Yoo, Osamu Seki, Paolo Stocchi, Johann P. Klages, Jae Il Lee, Florence Colleoni, Yusuke Suganuma, Edward Gasson, Christian Ohneiser, José-Abel Flores, David Try, Rachel Kirkman, Daleen Koch, and the SWAIS 2C Science Team
Sci. Dril., 30, 101–112, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-30-101-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-30-101-2022, 2022
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How much of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet will melt and how quickly it will happen when average global temperatures exceed 2 °C is currently unknown. Given the far-reaching and international consequences of Antarctica’s future contribution to global sea level rise, the SWAIS 2C Project was developed in order to better forecast the size and timing of future changes.
Jamey Stutz, Andrew Mackintosh, Kevin Norton, Ross Whitmore, Carlo Baroni, Stewart S. R. Jamieson, Richard S. Jones, Greg Balco, Maria Cristina Salvatore, Stefano Casale, Jae Il Lee, Yeong Bae Seong, Robert McKay, Lauren J. Vargo, Daniel Lowry, Perry Spector, Marcus Christl, Susan Ivy Ochs, Luigia Di Nicola, Maria Iarossi, Finlay Stuart, and Tom Woodruff
The Cryosphere, 15, 5447–5471, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-5447-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-5447-2021, 2021
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Understanding the long-term behaviour of ice sheets is essential to projecting future changes due to climate change. In this study, we use rocks deposited along the margin of the David Glacier, one of the largest glacier systems in the world, to reveal a rapid thinning event initiated over 7000 years ago and endured for ~ 2000 years. Using physical models, we show that subglacial topography and ocean heat are important drivers for change along this sector of the Antarctic Ice Sheet.
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Short summary
The Ross Sea record of the Miocene Climatic Optimum (~16.9–14.7 Ma) and the Middle Miocene Climate Transition (~14.7–13.8 Ma) can provide critical insights into the Antarctic ocean–cryosphere system during an ancient time of extreme warmth and subsequent cooling. Benthic foraminifera inform us about water masses, currents, and glacial conditions in the Ross Sea, and planktic foram invaders can inform us of when warm waters melted the Antarctic Ice Sheet in the past.
The Ross Sea record of the Miocene Climatic Optimum (~16.9–14.7 Ma) and the Middle Miocene...
