Articles | Volume 43, issue 1
https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-43-37-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-43-37-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Radiolarian assemblages related to the ocean–ice interaction around the East Antarctic coast
Mutsumi Iizuka
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, N10W5, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0810, Japan
Geological Survey of Japan, AIST, Tsukuba Central 7, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8567, Japan
Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, N19W8, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0819, Japan
Takuya Itaki
Geological Survey of Japan, AIST, Tsukuba Central 7, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8567, Japan
Osamu Seki
Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, N19W8, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0819, Japan
Ryosuke Makabe
Research Organization of Information and Systems, National Institute of Polar Research, Tachikawa, Tokyo, 190-8518, Japan
Department of Polar Science, Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Tachikawa, Tokyo, 190-8518, Japan
Department of Ocean Sciences, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8561, Japan
Motoha Ojima
Department of Polar Science, Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Tachikawa, Tokyo, 190-8518, Japan
Shigeru Aoki
Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, N19W8, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0819, Japan
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EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-4021, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-4021, 2025
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Climate of the Past (CP).
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We use plant wax compound specific stable isotopes to investigate how ancient Antarctic vegetation adapted to glacial conditions 23 million years ago. We find plants became less water efficient to prioritise photosynthesis during short, harsh growing seasons. Ecosystem changes also included enhanced aridity, and a shift to a stunted, low elevation vegetation. This shows the adaptability of ancient Antarctic vegetation under atmospheric CO2 conditions comparable to modern.
Katsuro Katsumata, Shigeru Aoki, Kay I. Ohshima, and Michiyo Yamamoto-Kawai
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2237, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2237, 2024
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Takeshige Ishiwa, Jun’ichi Okuno, Yuki Tokuda, Satoshi Sasaki, Takuya Itaki, and Yusuke Suganuma
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-275, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-275, 2024
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Changes in the East Antarctic Ice Sheet are key to understanding ice sheet behavior and climate response. Recent studies show ice thinning in East Antarctica around 9,000 to 6,000 years ago, revealing the temporal gap with a widely used model. Our refined model matches sea-level reconstructions, showing different sea-level peaks in East Antarctica. This suggests that ice changes in East Antarctica vary across the region, challenging the idea of simultaneous ice growth and decay.
Kazuya Kusahara, Daisuke Hirano, Masakazu Fujii, Alexander D. Fraser, Takeshi Tamura, Kohei Mizobata, Guy D. Williams, and Shigeru Aoki
The Cryosphere, 18, 43–73, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-43-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-43-2024, 2024
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This study focuses on the Totten and Moscow University ice shelves, East Antarctica. We used an ocean–sea ice–ice shelf model to better understand regional interactions between ocean, sea ice, and ice shelf. We found that a combination of warm ocean water and local sea ice production influences the regional ice shelf basal melting. Furthermore, the model reproduced the summertime undercurrent on the upper continental slope, regulating ocean heat transport onto the continental shelf.
Osamu Seki and James Bendle
Clim. Past Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2021-62, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2021-62, 2021
Manuscript not accepted for further review
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The reconstruction of CO2 levels in the past is a crucial objective in palaeoclimate research. However, estimates of CO2 level markedly differ among the data. We revised reported alkenone δ13C based CO2 records from the Pliocene to Pleistocene based on a refined approach. Our approach significantly reduced the large offsets between reported alkenone δ13C CO2 records, confirming that better constraints on environmental variables are key aspects for improving alkenone δ13C based CO2 estimates.
Yoshihiko Ohashi, Shigeru Aoki, Yoshimasa Matsumura, Shin Sugiyama, Naoya Kanna, and Daiki Sakakibara
Ocean Sci., 16, 545–564, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-16-545-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-16-545-2020, 2020
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Subglacial freshwater discharge affects fjord circulation, material transport, and biological productivity. To better understand the influence of subglacial discharge on properties of vertical water mass profiles of Bowdoin Fjord in northwestern Greenland, observations and numerical experiments were conducted. The vertical distributions of turbid freshwater outflow near the surface and at the subsurface were likely due to the amount of subglacial discharge and fjord stratification, respectively.
Y. Kubota, K. Kimoto, T. Itaki, Y. Yokoyama, Y. Miyairi, and H. Matsuzaki
Clim. Past, 11, 803–824, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-11-803-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-11-803-2015, 2015
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Direct link between iceberg melt and diatom productivity demonstrated in Mid-Pliocene Amundsen Sea interglacial sediments
Two new clavate Fragilariopsis and one new Rouxia diatom species with biostratigraphic and paleoenvironmental applications for the Pliocene-Pleistocene, East Antarctica
Diatom and radiolarian biostratigraphy in the Pliocene sequence of ODP Site 697 (Jane Basin, Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean)
Progress in the taxonomy of Late Cretaceous high-latitude radiolarians: insights from the Horton River area, Northwest Territories, Canada
Artificial intelligence applied to the classification of eight middle Eocene species of the genus Podocyrtis (polycystine radiolaria)
An assessment of diatom assemblages in the Sea of Okhotsk as a proxy for sea-ice cover
Skeletal architecture of middle Cambrian spicular radiolarians revealed using micro-CT
Species of the diatom taxa Aulacodiscus and Trinacria with biostratigraphic utility in Palaeogene and Neogene North Sea sediments
Heather Furlong and Reed Paul Scherer
J. Micropalaeontol., 43, 269–282, https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-43-269-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-43-269-2024, 2024
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Diatom assemblages are vital components of the Antarctic ecosystem and nutrient supply chain, and they are often utilized as paleoclimate proxies to better understand past climatic changes. We demonstrate enhanced diatom production and accumulation in the outer Amundsen Sea during a Mid-Pliocene interglacial that coincides with pulses of ice-rafted terrestrial debris, providing compelling evidence that iceberg calving seeds diatom productivity in the Southern Ocean.
Grace Duke, Josie Frazer, Briar Taylor-Silva, and Christina Riesselman
J. Micropalaeontol., 43, 139–163, https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-43-139-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-43-139-2024, 2024
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Diatoms are dust-sized algae commonly found in the upper 100 m of the Southern Ocean. In this paper, we describe three new species found in sediments west of the Ross Sea, East Antarctica, aged about 3--2 Ma: Fragilariopsis clava, Fragilariopsis armandae, and Rouxia raggattensis. These species may be useful for determining the age of sediments and past environmental conditions at other locations around the Southern Ocean.
Yuji Kato, Iván Hernández-Almeida, and Lara F. Pérez
J. Micropalaeontol., 43, 93–119, https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-43-93-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-43-93-2024, 2024
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In this study, we propose an age framework for an interval of 4.8–3.1 million years ago, using fossil records of marine plankton such as diatoms and radiolarians derived from a sediment core collected in the Southern Ocean. Specifically, a total of 19 bioevents (i.e., extinction/appearance events of selected age marker species) were detected, and their precise ages were calculated. The updated biostratigraphy will contribute to future paleoceanographic work in the Southern Ocean.
Juan F. Diaz, Noritoshi Suzuki, Jennifer M. Galloway, and Manuel Bringué
J. Micropalaeontol., 43, 69–80, https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-43-69-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-43-69-2024, 2024
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In this study, we describe one new genus and three new species of radiolarians from Upper Cretaceous strata of the northern mainland coast of Arctic Canada. This is one of the few Cretaceous radiolarian assemblages recovered from the interior of North America and high northern latitudes and serves as a foundation for future Cretaceous radiolarian research in Arctic regions. Taxonomic descriptions were based on external and internal features observed using a scanning electron microscope.
Veronica Carlsson, Taniel Danelian, Pierre Boulet, Philippe Devienne, Aurelien Laforge, and Johan Renaudie
J. Micropalaeontol., 41, 165–182, https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-41-165-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-41-165-2022, 2022
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This study evaluates the use of automatic classification using AI on eight closely related radiolarian species of the genus Podocyrtis based on MobileNet CNN. Species belonging to Podocyrtis are useful for middle Eocene biostratigraphy. Numerous images of Podocyrtis species from the tropical Atlantic Ocean were used to train and validate the CNN. An overall accuracy of about 91 % was obtained. Additional Podocyrtis specimens from other ocean realms were used to test the predictive model.
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J. Micropalaeontol., 39, 77–92, https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-39-77-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-39-77-2020, 2020
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Diatom assemblages in seasonally sea-ice-covered areas of the Sea of Okhotsk, a marginal sea of the western North Pacific, were investigated. We have selected diatom taxa relating to sea-ice coverage by comparing diatom assemblages in sea-ice, sinking-particle, and surface-sediment samples. The results of the study provide fundamental information for the reconstruction of past sea-ice cover based on ice-algal diatoms in sediments in the Sea of Okhotsk and the North Pacific.
Jiani Sheng, Sarah Kachovich, and Jonathan C. Aitchison
J. Micropalaeontol., 39, 61–76, https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-39-61-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-39-61-2020, 2020
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To better understand radiolarian evolution and taxonomy, two middle Cambrian specimens recovered from Australia were studied using micro-CT. Analyses of their 3-D models revealed for the first time their skeletal architecture constructed of spicules. Insertion of an artificial sphere into their shells indicates that they may have secreted their spicules one by one during cell enlargement. The timing of skeletal genesis may be an important factor influencing the morphology of early radiolarians.
Alexander G. Mitlehner
J. Micropalaeontol., 38, 67–81, https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-38-67-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-38-67-2019, 2019
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Species of two important diatoms (algae with silica skeletons and important primary producers) are described formally and incorporated into existing biozonation schemes allowing correlation of Paleocene to Miocene strata in the North Sea, important for hydrocarbon exploration as well as for environmental interpretation. Their abundances are linked to environmentally stressed conditions, including increased global warming and periods of nutrient influx from rapidly eroding land masses nearby.
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Short summary
Radiolarian fossils are valuable tools for understanding water mass distribution. However, they have not been used in the high-latitude Southern Ocean due to unclear radiolarian assemblages. Our study identifies four assemblages related to water masses and ice edge environments in the high-latitude Southern Ocean, offering insights for water mass reconstruction in this region.
Radiolarian fossils are valuable tools for understanding water mass distribution. However, they...