Articles | Volume 43, issue 2
https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-43-497-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-43-497-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
19 Dec 2024
Research article |
| 19 Dec 2024
| 19 Dec 2024
Stepwise Oligocene–Miocene breakdown of subpolar gyres and strengthening of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current
Department of Earth Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
now at: Department of Earth Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
Karlijn van den Broek
Department of Earth Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
Adrián López-Quirós
Department of Stratigraphy and Paleontology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
Suzanna H. A. van de Lagemaat
Department of Earth Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
Steve M. Bohaty
School of Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre Southampton, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
now at: Institute of Earth Sciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
Claus-Dieter Hillenbrand
British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge, UK
Robert D. Larter
British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge, UK
Tim E. van Peer
School of Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre Southampton, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
Department of Earth Sciences, University College London, London, UK
now at: School of Geography, Geology and the Environment, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
Henk Brinkhuis
Department of Earth Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
Department of Ocean Systems Research, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ), Texel, the Netherlands
Francesca Sangiorgi
Department of Earth Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
Peter K. Bijl
Department of Earth Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
Related authors
Frida S. Hoem, Adrián López-Quirós, Suzanna van de Lagemaat, Johan Etourneau, Marie-Alexandrine Sicre, Carlota Escutia, Henk Brinkhuis, Francien Peterse, Francesca Sangiorgi, and Peter K. Bijl
Clim. Past, 19, 1931–1949, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-1931-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-1931-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We present two new sea surface temperature (SST) records in comparison with available SST records to reconstruct South Atlantic paleoceanographic evolution. Our results show a low SST gradient in the Eocene–early Oligocene due to the persistent gyral circulation. A higher SST gradient in the Middle–Late Miocene infers a stronger circumpolar current. The southern South Atlantic was the coldest region in the Southern Ocean and likely the main deep-water formation location in the Middle Miocene.
Suning Hou, Foteini Lamprou, Frida S. Hoem, Mohammad Rizky Nanda Hadju, Francesca Sangiorgi, Francien Peterse, and Peter K. Bijl
Clim. Past, 19, 787–802, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-787-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-787-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Neogene climate cooling is thought to be accompanied by increased Equator-to-pole temperature gradients, but mid-latitudes are poorly represented. We use biomarkers to reconstruct a 23 Myr continuous sea surface temperature record of the mid-latitude Southern Ocean. We note a profound mid-latitude cooling which narrowed the latitudinal temperature gradient with the northward expansion of subpolar conditions. We surmise that this reflects the strengthening of the ACC and the expansion of sea ice.
Nick Thompson, Ulrich Salzmann, Adrián López-Quirós, Peter K. Bijl, Frida S. Hoem, Johan Etourneau, Marie-Alexandrine Sicre, Sabine Roignant, Emma Hocking, Michael Amoo, and Carlota Escutia
Clim. Past, 18, 209–232, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-209-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-209-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
New pollen and spore data from the Antarctic Peninsula region reveal temperate rainforests that changed and adapted in response to Eocene climatic cooling, roughly 35.5 Myr ago, and glacially related disturbance in the early Oligocene, approximately 33.5 Myr ago. The timing of these events indicates that the opening of ocean gateways alone did not trigger Antarctic glaciation, although ocean gateways may have played a role in climate cooling.
Frida S. Hoem, Isabel Sauermilch, Suning Hou, Henk Brinkhuis, Francesca Sangiorgi, and Peter K. Bijl
J. Micropalaeontol., 40, 175–193, https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-40-175-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-40-175-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We use marine microfossil (dinocyst) assemblage data as well as seismic and tectonic investigations to reconstruct the oceanographic history south of Australia 37–20 Ma as the Tasmanian Gateway widens and deepens. Our results show stable conditions with typically warmer dinocysts south of Australia, which contrasts with the colder dinocysts closer to Antarctica, indicating the establishment of modern oceanographic conditions with a strong Southern Ocean temperature gradient and frontal systems.
Frida S. Hoem, Luis Valero, Dimitris Evangelinos, Carlota Escutia, Bella Duncan, Robert M. McKay, Henk Brinkhuis, Francesca Sangiorgi, and Peter K. Bijl
Clim. Past, 17, 1423–1442, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-1423-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-1423-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We present new offshore palaeoceanographic reconstructions for the Oligocene (33.7–24.4 Ma) in the Ross Sea, Antarctica. Our study of dinoflagellate cysts and lipid biomarkers indicates warm-temperate sea surface conditions. We posit that warm surface-ocean conditions near the continental shelf during the Oligocene promoted increased precipitation and heat delivery towards Antarctica that led to dynamic terrestrial ice sheet volumes in the warmer climate state of the Oligocene.
Cécile Figus, Steve Bohaty, Johan Renaudie, and Jakub Witkowski
Clim. Past, 21, 1431–1441, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-21-1431-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-21-1431-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We examine trends in biosiliceous fluxes and isotopic records in the North and South Atlantic, South Pacific, and Indian oceans during two climatic and biotic events: the Latest Danian Event (LDE; ~62.2 Ma) and the Early Late Palaeocene Event (ELPE; ~59.2 Ma). Our results show a peak during the LDE and following the ELPE.
Mustafa Yücel Kaya, Henk Brinkhuis, Chiara Fioroni, Serdar Görkem Atasoy, Alexis Licht, Dirk Nürnberg, and Taylan Vural
Clim. Past, 21, 1405–1429, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-21-1405-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-21-1405-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
The Eocene–Oligocene Transition (EOT) marked global cooling and Antarctic glaciation, but its impact on marginal seas is less known. This study analyzes the Karaburun section in the eastern Paratethys, using biostratigraphy and geochemistry to reveal boreal water ingress due to Arctic–Atlantic gateway closure. Findings highlight the interplay of global and regional climate dynamics in shaping marginal marine environments.
Frank Werner Jakobsen, Monica Winsborrow, Tove Nielsen, Jan Sverre Laberg, Andreia Plaza-Faverola, Christoph Böttner, Adrian López-Quirós, Sverre Planke, and Benjamin Bellwald
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2906, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2906, 2025
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Climate of the Past (CP).
Short summary
Short summary
We use regional 2D seismic to reconstruct the late Miocene to Pleistocene ice sheet history of the Northeast Greenland continental shelf. Regional borehole correlations show that the first ice stream advance across the shelf occurred around 6.4 Ma. Subsequently, a marked change in ice sheet configuration towards intensified cross-shelf ice streaming post-dates 4.1 Ma, possibly correlating to the intensification of the Northern Hemisphere glaciations.
Peter K. Bijl, Kasia K. Sliwinska, Bella Duncan, Arnaud Huguet, Sebastian Naeher, Ronnakrit Rattanasriampaipong, Claudia Sosa-Montes de Oca, Alexandra Auderset, Melissa Berke, Bum Soo Kim, Nina Davtian, Tom Dunkley Jones, Desmond Eefting, Felix Elling, Lauren O'Connor, Richard D. Pancost, Francien Peterse, Pierrick Fenies, Addison Rice, Appy Sluijs, Devika Varma, Wenjie Xiao, and Yige Zhang
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1467, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1467, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Many academic laboratories worldwide process environmental samples for analysis of membrane lipid molecules of archaea, for the reconstruction of past environmental conditions. However, the sample workup scheme involves many steps, each of which has a risk of contamination or bias, affecting the results. This paper reviews steps involved in sampling, extraction and analysis of lipids, interpretation and archiving of the data. This ensures reproducable, reusable, comparable and consistent data.
Asmara A. Lehrmann, Rebecca L. Totten, Julia S. Wellner, Claus-Dieter Hillenbrand, Svetlana Radionovskaya, R. Michael Comas, Robert D. Larter, Alastair G. C. Graham, James D. Kirkham, Kelly A. Hogan, Victoria Fitzgerald, Rachel W. Clark, Becky Hopkins, Allison P. Lepp, Elaine Mawbey, Rosemary V. Smyth, Lauren E. Miller, James A. Smith, and Frank O. Nitsche
J. Micropalaeontol., 44, 79–105, https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-44-79-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-44-79-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Thwaites Glacier's retreat is driven by warm ocean water melting its ice shelf. Seafloor-dwelling marine protists, benthic foraminifera, reflect their environment. Here, ice margins, oceanography, and sea ice cover control live foraminiferal populations. Including dead foraminifera in the analyses shows the calcareous test preservation's role in the assemblage make-up. Understanding these modern communities helps interpret past glacial retreat controls through foraminifera in sediment records.
James W. Marschalek, Edward Gasson, Tina van de Flierdt, Claus-Dieter Hillenbrand, Martin J. Siegert, and Liam Holder
Geosci. Model Dev., 18, 1673–1708, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-1673-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-1673-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Ice sheet models can help predict how Antarctica's ice sheets respond to environmental change, and such models benefit from comparison to geological data. Here, we use an ice sheet model output and other data to predict the erosion of debris and trace its transport to where it is deposited on the ocean floor. This allows the results of ice sheet modelling to be directly and quantitively compared to real-world data, helping to reduce uncertainty regarding Antarctic sea level contribution.
Mark V. Elbertsen, Erik van Sebille, and Peter K. Bijl
Clim. Past, 21, 441–464, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-21-441-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-21-441-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This work verifies the remarkable finds of late Eocene Antarctic-sourced iceberg-rafted debris on the South Orkney Microcontinent. We find that these icebergs must have been on the larger end of the size scale compared to today’s icebergs due to faster melting in the warmer Eocene climate. The study was performed using a high-resolution model in which individual icebergs were followed through time.
Suning Hou, Leonie Toebrock, Mart van der Linden, Fleur Rothstegge, Martin Ziegler, Lucas J. Lourens, and Peter K. Bijl
Clim. Past, 21, 79–93, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-21-79-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-21-79-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Based on dinoflagellate cyst assemblages and sea surface temperature records west of offshore Tasmania, we find a northward migration and freshening of the subtropical front, not at the M2 glacial maximum but at its deglaciation phase. This oceanographic change aligns well with trends in pCO2. We propose that iceberg discharge from the M2 deglaciation freshened the subtropical front, which together with the other oceanographic changes affected atmosphere–ocean CO2 exchange in the Southern Ocean.
Appy Sluijs and Henk Brinkhuis
J. Micropalaeontol., 43, 441–474, https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-43-441-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-43-441-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We present intrinsic details of dinocyst taxa and assemblages from the sole available central Arctic late Paleocene–early Eocene sedimentary succession recovered at the central Lomonosov Ridge by the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Expedition 302. We develop a pragmatic taxonomic framework, document critical biostratigraphic events, and propose two new genera and seven new species.
Joseph A. Ruggiero, Reed P. Scherer, Joseph Mastro, Cesar G. Lopez, Marcus Angus, Evie Unger-Harquail, Olivia Quartz, Amy Leventer, and Claus-Dieter Hillenbrand
J. Micropalaeontol., 43, 323–336, https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-43-323-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-43-323-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We quantify sea surface temperature (SST) in the past Southern Ocean using the diatom Fragilariopsis kerguelensis that displays variable population with SST. We explore the use of this relatively new proxy by applying it to sediment assemblages from the Sabrina Coast and Amundsen Sea. We find that Amundsen Sea and Sabrina Coast F. kerguelensis populations are different from each other. An understanding of F. kerguelensis dynamics may help us generate an SST proxy to apply to ancient sediments.
Dominique K. L. L. Jenny, Tammo Reichgelt, Charlotte L. O'Brien, Xiaoqing Liu, Peter K. Bijl, Matthew Huber, and Appy Sluijs
Clim. Past, 20, 1627–1657, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-1627-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-1627-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study reviews the current state of knowledge regarding the Oligocene
icehouseclimate. We extend an existing marine climate proxy data compilation and present a new compilation and analysis of terrestrial plant assemblages to assess long-term climate trends and variability. Our data–climate model comparison reinforces the notion that models underestimate polar amplification of Oligocene climates, and we identify potential future research directions.
Chris D. Fokkema, Tobias Agterhuis, Danielle Gerritsma, Myrthe de Goeij, Xiaoqing Liu, Pauline de Regt, Addison Rice, Laurens Vennema, Claudia Agnini, Peter K. Bijl, Joost Frieling, Matthew Huber, Francien Peterse, and Appy Sluijs
Clim. Past, 20, 1303–1325, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-1303-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-1303-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Polar amplification (PA) is a key uncertainty in climate projections. The factors that dominantly control PA are difficult to separate. Here we provide an estimate for the non-ice-related PA by reconstructing tropical ocean temperature variability from the ice-free early Eocene, which we compare to deep-ocean-derived high-latitude temperature variability across short-lived warming periods. We find a PA factor of 1.7–2.3 on 20 kyr timescales, which is somewhat larger than model estimates.
Allison P. Lepp, Lauren E. Miller, John B. Anderson, Matt O'Regan, Monica C. M. Winsborrow, James A. Smith, Claus-Dieter Hillenbrand, Julia S. Wellner, Lindsay O. Prothro, and Evgeny A. Podolskiy
The Cryosphere, 18, 2297–2319, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-2297-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-2297-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Shape and surface texture of silt-sized grains are measured to connect marine sediment records with subglacial water flow. We find that grain shape alteration is greatest in glaciers where high-energy drainage events and abundant melting of surface ice are inferred and that the surfaces of silt-sized sediments preserve evidence of glacial transport. Our results suggest grain shape and texture may reveal whether glaciers previously experienced temperate conditions with more abundant meltwater.
Peter K. Bijl
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 1447–1452, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1447-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1447-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This new version release of DINOSTRAT, version 2.1, aligns stratigraphic ranges of dinoflagellate cysts (dinocysts), a microfossil group, to the latest Geologic Time Scale. In this release I present the evolution of dinocyst subfamilies from the Middle Triassic to the modern period.
Michiel Baatsen, Peter Bijl, Anna von der Heydt, Appy Sluijs, and Henk Dijkstra
Clim. Past, 20, 77–90, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-77-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-77-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This work introduces the possibility and consequences of monsoons on Antarctica in the warm Eocene climate. We suggest that such a monsoonal climate can be important to understand conditions in Antarctica prior to large-scale glaciation. We can explain seemingly contradictory indications of ice and vegetation on the continent through regional variability. In addition, we provide a new mechanism through which most of Antarctica remained ice-free through a wide range of global climatic changes.
Peter K. Bijl and Henk Brinkhuis
J. Micropalaeontol., 42, 309–314, https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-42-309-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-42-309-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We developed an online, open-access database for taxonomic descriptions, stratigraphic information and images of organic-walled dinoflagellate cyst species. With this new resource for applied and academic research, teaching and training, we open up organic-walled dinoflagellate cysts for the academic era of open science. We expect that palsys.org represents a starting point to improve taxonomic concepts, and we invite the community to contribute.
Yord W. Yedema, Timme Donders, Francien Peterse, and Francesca Sangiorgi
J. Micropalaeontol., 42, 257–276, https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-42-257-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-42-257-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The pollen and dinoflagellate cyst content of 21 surface sediments from the northern Gulf of Mexico is used to test the applicability of three palynological ratios (heterotroph/autotroph, pollen/dinocyst, and pollen/bisaccate ratio) as proxies for marine productivity and distance to the coast/river. Redundancy analysis confirms the suitability of these three ratios, where the H/A ratio can be used as an indicator of primary production, and the P/B ratio best tracks the distance to the coast.
Frida S. Hoem, Adrián López-Quirós, Suzanna van de Lagemaat, Johan Etourneau, Marie-Alexandrine Sicre, Carlota Escutia, Henk Brinkhuis, Francien Peterse, Francesca Sangiorgi, and Peter K. Bijl
Clim. Past, 19, 1931–1949, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-1931-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-1931-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We present two new sea surface temperature (SST) records in comparison with available SST records to reconstruct South Atlantic paleoceanographic evolution. Our results show a low SST gradient in the Eocene–early Oligocene due to the persistent gyral circulation. A higher SST gradient in the Middle–Late Miocene infers a stronger circumpolar current. The southern South Atlantic was the coldest region in the Southern Ocean and likely the main deep-water formation location in the Middle Miocene.
William Rush, Jean Self-Trail, Yang Zhang, Appy Sluijs, Henk Brinkhuis, James Zachos, James G. Ogg, and Marci Robinson
Clim. Past, 19, 1677–1698, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-1677-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-1677-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The Eocene contains several brief warming periods referred to as hyperthermals. Studying these events and how they varied between locations can help provide insight into our future warmer world. This study provides a characterization of two of these events in the mid-Atlantic region of the USA. The records of climate that we measured demonstrate significant changes during this time period, but the type and timing of these changes highlight the complexity of climatic changes.
Benoit S. Lecavalier, Lev Tarasov, Greg Balco, Perry Spector, Claus-Dieter Hillenbrand, Christo Buizert, Catherine Ritz, Marion Leduc-Leballeur, Robert Mulvaney, Pippa L. Whitehouse, Michael J. Bentley, and Jonathan Bamber
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 3573–3596, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-3573-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-3573-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The Antarctic Ice Sheet Evolution constraint database version 2 (AntICE2) consists of a large variety of observations that constrain the evolution of the Antarctic Ice Sheet over the last glacial cycle. This includes observations of past ice sheet extent, past ice thickness, past relative sea level, borehole temperature profiles, and present-day bedrock displacement rates. The database is intended to improve our understanding of past Antarctic changes and for ice sheet model calibrations.
Kelly A. Hogan, Katarzyna L. P. Warburton, Alastair G. C. Graham, Jerome A. Neufeld, Duncan R. Hewitt, Julian A. Dowdeswell, and Robert D. Larter
The Cryosphere, 17, 2645–2664, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-2645-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-2645-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Delicate sea floor ridges – corrugation ridges – that form by tidal motion at Antarctic grounding lines record extremely fast retreat of ice streams in the past. Here we use a mathematical model, constrained by real-world observations from Thwaites Glacier, West Antarctica, to explore how corrugation ridges form. We identify
till extrusion, whereby deformable sediment is squeezed out from under the ice like toothpaste as it settles down at each low-tide position, as the most likely process.
Peter K. Bijl
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2023-169, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2023-169, 2023
Publication in ESSD not foreseen
Short summary
Short summary
This new version release of DINOSTRAT, version 2.0, aligns stratigraphic ranges of dinoflagellate cysts, a microfossil group, to the Geologic Time Scale. In this release we present the evolution of dinocyst subfamilies from the mid-Triassic to the modern.
Lena Mareike Thöle, Peter Dirk Nooteboom, Suning Hou, Rujian Wang, Senyan Nie, Elisabeth Michel, Isabel Sauermilch, Fabienne Marret, Francesca Sangiorgi, and Peter Kristian Bijl
J. Micropalaeontol., 42, 35–56, https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-42-35-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-42-35-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Dinoflagellate cysts can be used to infer past oceanographic conditions in the Southern Ocean. This requires knowledge of their present-day ecologic affinities. We add 66 Antarctic-proximal surface sediment samples to the Southern Ocean data and derive oceanographic conditions at those stations. Dinoflagellate cysts are clearly biogeographically separated along latitudinal gradients of temperature, sea ice, nutrients, and salinity, which allows us to reconstruct these parameters for the past.
Suning Hou, Foteini Lamprou, Frida S. Hoem, Mohammad Rizky Nanda Hadju, Francesca Sangiorgi, Francien Peterse, and Peter K. Bijl
Clim. Past, 19, 787–802, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-787-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-787-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Neogene climate cooling is thought to be accompanied by increased Equator-to-pole temperature gradients, but mid-latitudes are poorly represented. We use biomarkers to reconstruct a 23 Myr continuous sea surface temperature record of the mid-latitude Southern Ocean. We note a profound mid-latitude cooling which narrowed the latitudinal temperature gradient with the northward expansion of subpolar conditions. We surmise that this reflects the strengthening of the ACC and the expansion of sea ice.
James W. Marschalek, Edward Gasson, Tina van de Flierdt, Claus-Dieter Hillenbrand, Martin J. Siegert, and Liam Holder
Geosci. Model Dev. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2023-8, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2023-8, 2023
Revised manuscript not accepted
Short summary
Short summary
Ice sheet models can help predict how Antarctica’s ice sheets respond to environmental change; such models benefit from comparison to geological data. Here, we use ice sheet model results, plus other data, to predict the erosion of Antarctic debris and trace its transport to where it is deposited on the ocean floor. This allows the results of ice sheet modelling to be directly and quantitively compared to real-world data, helping to reduce uncertainty regarding Antarctic sea level contribution.
Yord W. Yedema, Francesca Sangiorgi, Appy Sluijs, Jaap S. Sinninghe Damsté, and Francien Peterse
Biogeosciences, 20, 663–686, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-663-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-663-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Terrestrial organic matter (TerrOM) is transported to the ocean by rivers, where its burial can potentially form a long-term carbon sink. This burial is dependent on the type and characteristics of the TerrOM. We used bulk sediment properties, biomarkers, and palynology to identify the dispersal patterns of plant-derived, soil–microbial, and marine OM in the northern Gulf of Mexico and show that plant-derived OM is transported further into the coastal zone than soil and marine-produced TerrOM.
Carolien M. H. van der Weijst, Koen J. van der Laan, Francien Peterse, Gert-Jan Reichart, Francesca Sangiorgi, Stefan Schouten, Tjerk J. T. Veenstra, and Appy Sluijs
Clim. Past, 18, 1947–1962, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-1947-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-1947-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The TEX86 proxy is often used by paleoceanographers to reconstruct past sea-surface temperatures. However, the origin of the TEX86 signal in marine sediments has been debated since the proxy was first proposed. In our paper, we show that TEX86 carries a mixed sea-surface and subsurface temperature signal and should be calibrated accordingly. Using our 15-million-year record, we subsequently show how a TEX86 subsurface temperature record can be used to inform us on past sea-surface temperatures.
Carolien M. H. van der Weijst, Josse Winkelhorst, Wesley de Nooijer, Anna von der Heydt, Gert-Jan Reichart, Francesca Sangiorgi, and Appy Sluijs
Clim. Past, 18, 961–973, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-961-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-961-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
A hypothesized link between Pliocene (5.3–2.5 million years ago) global climate and tropical thermocline depth is currently only backed up by data from the Pacific Ocean. In our paper, we present temperature, salinity, and thermocline records from the tropical Atlantic Ocean. Surprisingly, the Pliocene thermocline evolution was remarkably different in the Atlantic and Pacific. We need to reevaluate the mechanisms that drive thermocline depth, and how these are tied to global climate change.
Michael Amoo, Ulrich Salzmann, Matthew J. Pound, Nick Thompson, and Peter K. Bijl
Clim. Past, 18, 525–546, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-525-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-525-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Late Eocene to earliest Oligocene (37.97–33.06 Ma) climate and vegetation dynamics around the Tasmanian Gateway region reveal that changes in ocean circulation due to accelerated deepening of the Tasmanian Gateway may not have been solely responsible for the changes in terrestrial climate and vegetation; a series of regional and global events, including a change in stratification of water masses and changes in pCO2, may have played significant roles.
Peter D. Nooteboom, Peter K. Bijl, Christian Kehl, Erik van Sebille, Martin Ziegler, Anna S. von der Heydt, and Henk A. Dijkstra
Earth Syst. Dynam., 13, 357–371, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-13-357-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-13-357-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Having descended through the water column, microplankton in ocean sediments represents the ocean surface environment and is used as an archive of past and present surface oceanographic conditions. However, this microplankton is advected by turbulent ocean currents during its sinking journey. We use simulations of sinking particles to define ocean bottom provinces and detect these provinces in datasets of sedimentary microplankton, which has implications for palaeoclimate reconstructions.
Peter K. Bijl
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 579–617, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-579-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-579-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Using microfossils to gauge the age of rocks and sediments requires an accurate age of their first (origination) and last (extinction) appearances. But how do you know such ages can then be applied worldwide? And what causes regional differences? This paper investigates the regional consistency of ranges of species of a specific microfossil group, organic-walled dinoflagellate cysts. This overview helps in identifying regional differences in the stratigraphic ranges of species and their causes.
Nick Thompson, Ulrich Salzmann, Adrián López-Quirós, Peter K. Bijl, Frida S. Hoem, Johan Etourneau, Marie-Alexandrine Sicre, Sabine Roignant, Emma Hocking, Michael Amoo, and Carlota Escutia
Clim. Past, 18, 209–232, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-209-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-209-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
New pollen and spore data from the Antarctic Peninsula region reveal temperate rainforests that changed and adapted in response to Eocene climatic cooling, roughly 35.5 Myr ago, and glacially related disturbance in the early Oligocene, approximately 33.5 Myr ago. The timing of these events indicates that the opening of ocean gateways alone did not trigger Antarctic glaciation, although ocean gateways may have played a role in climate cooling.
Matthew Chadwick, Claire S. Allen, Louise C. Sime, Xavier Crosta, and Claus-Dieter Hillenbrand
Clim. Past, 18, 129–146, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-129-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-129-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Algae preserved in marine sediments have allowed us to reconstruct how much winter sea ice was present around Antarctica during a past time period (130 000 years ago) when the climate was warmer than today. The patterns of sea-ice increase and decrease vary between different parts of the Southern Ocean. The Pacific sector has a largely stable sea-ice extent, whereas the amount of sea ice in the Atlantic sector is much more variable with bigger decreases and increases than other regions.
Peter K. Bijl, Joost Frieling, Marlow Julius Cramwinckel, Christine Boschman, Appy Sluijs, and Francien Peterse
Clim. Past, 17, 2393–2425, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-2393-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-2393-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Here, we use the latest insights for GDGT and dinocyst-based paleotemperature and paleoenvironmental reconstructions in late Cretaceous–early Oligocene sediments from ODP Site 1172 (East Tasman Plateau, Australia). We reconstruct strong river runoff during the Paleocene–early Eocene, a progressive decline thereafter with increased wet/dry seasonality in the northward-drifting hinterland. Our critical review leaves the anomalous warmth of the Eocene SW Pacific Ocean unexplained.
Nele Lamping, Juliane Müller, Jens Hefter, Gesine Mollenhauer, Christian Haas, Xiaoxu Shi, Maria-Elena Vorrath, Gerrit Lohmann, and Claus-Dieter Hillenbrand
Clim. Past, 17, 2305–2326, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-2305-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-2305-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We analysed biomarker concentrations on surface sediment samples from the Antarctic continental margin. Highly branched isoprenoids and GDGTs are used for reconstructing recent sea-ice distribution patterns and ocean temperatures respectively. We compared our biomarker-based results with data obtained from satellite observations and estimated from a numerical model and find reasonable agreements. Further, we address caveats and provide recommendations for future investigations.
Frida S. Hoem, Isabel Sauermilch, Suning Hou, Henk Brinkhuis, Francesca Sangiorgi, and Peter K. Bijl
J. Micropalaeontol., 40, 175–193, https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-40-175-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-40-175-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We use marine microfossil (dinocyst) assemblage data as well as seismic and tectonic investigations to reconstruct the oceanographic history south of Australia 37–20 Ma as the Tasmanian Gateway widens and deepens. Our results show stable conditions with typically warmer dinocysts south of Australia, which contrasts with the colder dinocysts closer to Antarctica, indicating the establishment of modern oceanographic conditions with a strong Southern Ocean temperature gradient and frontal systems.
Jakub Witkowski, Karolina Bryłka, Steven M. Bohaty, Elżbieta Mydłowska, Donald E. Penman, and Bridget S. Wade
Clim. Past, 17, 1937–1954, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-1937-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-1937-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We reconstruct the history of biogenic opal accumulation through the early to middle Paleogene in the western North Atlantic. Biogenic opal accumulation was controlled by deepwater temperatures, atmospheric greenhouse gas levels, and continental weathering intensity. Overturning circulation in the Atlantic was established at the end of the extreme early Eocene greenhouse warmth period. We also show that the strength of the link between climate and continental weathering varies through time.
Frida S. Hoem, Luis Valero, Dimitris Evangelinos, Carlota Escutia, Bella Duncan, Robert M. McKay, Henk Brinkhuis, Francesca Sangiorgi, and Peter K. Bijl
Clim. Past, 17, 1423–1442, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-1423-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-1423-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We present new offshore palaeoceanographic reconstructions for the Oligocene (33.7–24.4 Ma) in the Ross Sea, Antarctica. Our study of dinoflagellate cysts and lipid biomarkers indicates warm-temperate sea surface conditions. We posit that warm surface-ocean conditions near the continental shelf during the Oligocene promoted increased precipitation and heat delivery towards Antarctica that led to dynamic terrestrial ice sheet volumes in the warmer climate state of the Oligocene.
Charlotte L. Spencer-Jones, Erin L. McClymont, Nicole J. Bale, Ellen C. Hopmans, Stefan Schouten, Juliane Müller, E. Povl Abrahamsen, Claire Allen, Torsten Bickert, Claus-Dieter Hillenbrand, Elaine Mawbey, Victoria Peck, Aleksandra Svalova, and James A. Smith
Biogeosciences, 18, 3485–3504, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-3485-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-3485-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Long-term ocean temperature records are needed to fully understand the impact of West Antarctic Ice Sheet collapse. Glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs) are powerful tools for reconstructing ocean temperature but can be difficult to apply to the Southern Ocean. Our results show active GDGT synthesis in relatively warm depths of the ocean. This research improves the application of GDGT palaeoceanographic proxies in the Southern Ocean.
Michiel Baatsen, Anna S. von der Heydt, Matthew Huber, Michael A. Kliphuis, Peter K. Bijl, Appy Sluijs, and Henk A. Dijkstra
Clim. Past, 16, 2573–2597, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-2573-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-2573-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Warm climates of the deep past have proven to be challenging to reconstruct with the same numerical models used for future predictions. We present results of CESM simulations for the middle to late Eocene (∼ 38 Ma), in which we managed to match the available indications of temperature well. With these results we can now look into regional features and the response to external changes to ultimately better understand the climate when it is in such a warm state.
Chris S. M. Turney, Richard T. Jones, Nicholas P. McKay, Erik van Sebille, Zoë A. Thomas, Claus-Dieter Hillenbrand, and Christopher J. Fogwill
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12, 3341–3356, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-3341-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-3341-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The Last Interglacial (129–116 ka) experienced global temperatures and sea levels higher than today. The direct contribution of warmer conditions to global sea level (thermosteric) are uncertain. We report a global network of sea surface temperatures. We find mean global annual temperature anomalies of 0.2 ± 0.1˚C and an early maximum peak of 0.9 ± 0.1˚C. Our reconstruction suggests warmer waters contributed on average 0.08 ± 0.1 m and a peak contribution of 0.39 ± 0.1 m to global sea level.
Appy Sluijs, Joost Frieling, Gordon N. Inglis, Klaas G. J. Nierop, Francien Peterse, Francesca Sangiorgi, and Stefan Schouten
Clim. Past, 16, 2381–2400, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-2381-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-2381-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We revisit 15-year-old reconstructions of sea surface temperatures in the Arctic Ocean for the late Paleocene and early Eocene epochs (∼ 57–53 million years ago) based on the distribution of fossil membrane lipids of archaea preserved in Arctic Ocean sediments. We find that improvements in the methods over the past 15 years do not lead to different results. However, data quality is now higher and potential biases better characterized. Results confirm remarkable Arctic warmth during this time.
Cited articles
Adams, C., Benson, R. H., Kidd, R., Ryan, W., and Wright, R.: The Messinian salinity crisis and evidence of late Miocene eustatic changes in the world ocean, Nature, 269, 383–386, 1977.
Amenábar, C. R., Guerstein, G. R., Alperin, M. I., Palma, E. D., Casadío, S., Belgaburo, A., and Rodríguez Raising, M.: Eocene palaeoenvironments and palaeoceanography of areas adjacent to the Drake Passage: insights from dinoflagellate cyst analysis, Palaeontology, 65, e12601, https://doi.org/10.1111/pala.12601, 2022.
Anagnostou, E., John, E. H., Edgar, K. M., Foster, G. L., Ridgwell, A., Inglis, G. N., Pancost, R. D., Lunt, D. J., and Pearson, P. N.: Changing atmospheric CO2 concentration was the primary driver of early Cenozoic climate, Nature, 533, 380–384, 2016.
Anderson, J. B., Warny, S., Askin, R. A., Wellner, J. S., Bohaty, S. M., Kirshner, A. E., Livsey, D. N., Simms, A. R., Smith, T. R., and Ehrmann, W.: Progressive Cenozoic cooling and the demise of Antarctica's last refugium, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 108, 11356–11360, 2011.
Badger, M. P., Lear, C. H., Pancost, R. D., Foster, G. L., Bailey, T. R., Leng, M. J., and Abels, H. A.: CO2 drawdown following the middle Miocene expansion of the Antarctic Ice Sheet, Paleoceanography, 28, 42–53, 2013.
Barke, J., Abels, H. A., Sangiorgi, F., Greenwood, D. R., Sweet, A. R., Donders, T., Reichart, G.-J., Lotter, A. F., and Brinkhuis, H.: Orbitally forced Azolla blooms and Middle Eocene Arctic hydrology: Clues from palynology, Geology, 39, 427–430, 2011.
Barker, P. F., Kennett, J. P., O'Connell, S., Berkowitz, S., Bryant, W. R., Burckle, L. H., Egeberg, P. K., Futterer, D. K., Gersonde, R. E., and Golovchenko, X.: Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Initial Reports, Vol. 113, Weddell Sea, Antarctica. Covering Leg 113 of the cruises of the drilling vessel JOIDES Resolution, Valparaiso, Chile, to East Cove, Falkland Islands, Sites 689–697, 25 December 1986–11 March 1987, https://doi.org/10.2973/odp.proc.ir.113.1988, 1988.
Barker, P. and Burrell, J.: The opening of Drake passage, Mar. Geol., 25, 15–34, 1977.
Barker, P. F.: Scotia Sea regional tectonic evolution: implications for mantle flow and palaeocirculation, Earth-Sci. Rev., 55, 1–39, 2001.
Barker, P. F., Filippelli, G. M., Florindo, F., Martin, E. E., and Scher, H. D.: Onset and role of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. II, 54, 2388–2398, 2007.
Bijl, P. K., Pross, J., Warnaar, J., Stickley, C. E., Huber, M., Guerstein, R., Houben, A. J., Sluijs, A., Visscher, H., and Brinkhuis, H.: Environmental forcings of Paleogene Southern Ocean dinoflagellate biogeography, Paleoceanography, 26, PA1202, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009PA001905, 2011.
Bijl, P. K., Bendle, J. A., Bohaty, S. M., Pross, J., Schouten, S., Tauxe, L., Stickley, C. E., McKay, R. M., Röhl, U., and Olney, M.: Eocene cooling linked to early flow across the Tasmanian Gateway, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 110, 9645–9650, 2013.
Bijl, P. K., Houben, A. J. P., Hartman, J. D., Pross, J., Salabarnada, A., Escutia, C., and Sangiorgi, F.: Paleoceanography and ice sheet variability offshore Wilkes Land, Antarctica – Part 2: Insights from Oligocene–Miocene dinoflagellate cyst assemblages, Clim. Past, 14, 1015–1033, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-1015-2018, 2018a.
Bijl, P. K., Houben, A. J. P., Bruls, A., Pross, J., and Sangiorgi, F.: Stratigraphic calibration of Oligocene–Miocene organic-walled dinoflagellate cysts from offshore Wilkes Land, East Antarctica, and a zonation proposal, J. Micropalaeontol., 37, 105–138, https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-37-105-2018, 2018b.
Bijl, P., Guerstein, R., Sanmiguel Jaimes, E., Sluijs, A., Casadio, S. A., Valencia, V., Amenábar, C., and Encinas, A.: Campanian-Eocene dinoflagellate cyst biostratigraphy in the Southern Andean foreland basin: Implications for Drake Passage throughflow, Andean Geol., 48, 185–218, https://doi.org/10.5027/andgeoV48n2-3339, 2021.
Bijl, P. K.: DINOSTRAT: a global database of the stratigraphic and paleolatitudinal distribution of Mesozoic–Cenozoic organic-walled dinoflagellate cysts, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 579–617, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-579-2022, 2022.
Brinkhuis, H.: Late Eocene to Early Oligocene dinoflagellate cysts from the Priabonian type-area (Northeast Italy): biostratigraphy and paleoenvironmental interpretation, Palaeogeogr. Palaeocl., 107, 121–163, https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-0182(94)90168-6, 1994.
Censarek, B. and Gersonde, R.: Miocene diatom biostratigraphy at ODP Sites 689, 690,1088, 1092 (Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean), Mar. Micropaleontol., 45, 309–356, 2002.
Ciesielski, P. F. and Wise Jr, S. W.: Geologic history of the Maurice Ewing Bank of the Falkland Plateau (southwest Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean) based on piston and drill cores, Mar. Geol., 25, 175–207, 1977.
Ciesielski, P. F., Ledbetter, M. T., and Ellwood, B. B.: The development of Antarctic glaciation and the Neogene paleoenvironment of the Maurice Ewing Bank, Mar. Geol., 46, 1–51, 1982.
Clowes, C. D., Hannah, M. J., Wilson, G. J., and Wrenn, J. H.: Marine palynostratigraphy and new species from the Cape Roberts drill-holes, Victoria land basin, Antarctica, Mar. Micropaleontol., 126, 65–84, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marmicro.2016.06.003, 2016.
Cody, R. D., Levy, R. H., Harwood, D. M., and Sadler, P. M.: Thinking outside the zone: High-resolution quantitative diatom biochronology for the Antarctic Neogene, Palaeogeogr. Palaeocl., 260, 92–121, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2007.08.020, 2008.
Coxall, H. K., Wilson, P. A., Pälike, H., Lear, C. H., and Backman, J.: Rapid stepwise onset of Antarctic glaciation and deeper calcite compensation in the Pacific Ocean, Nature, 433, 53–57, 2005.
Crouch, E., Mildenhall, D., and Neil, H.: Distribution of organic-walled marine and terrestrial palynomorphs in surface sediments, offshore eastern New Zealand, Mar. Geol., 270, 235–256, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2019.102961, 2010.
Dale, B.: Dinoflagellate cyst ecology: modeling and geological applications, Palynology: principles and applications, in: Palynology: principles and applications, Vol. 3, 1249–1275, American Association of Stratigraphic Palynologists Foundation, 1996.
De Schepper, S., Fischer, E. I., Groeneveld, J., Head, M. J., and Matthiessen, J.: Deciphering the palaeoecology of Late Pliocene and Early Pleistocene dinoflagellate cysts, Palaeogeogr. Palaeocl., 309, 17–32, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2011.04.020, 2011.
Douglas, P. M., Affek, H. P., Ivany, L. C., Houben, A. J., Sijp, W. P., Sluijs, A., Schouten, S., and Pagani, M.: Pronounced zonal heterogeneity in Eocene southern high-latitude sea surface temperatures, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 111, 6582–6587, 2014.
Duncan, B., McKay, R., Levy, R., Naish, T., Prebble, J., Sangiorgi, F., Krishnan, S., Hoem, F., Clowes, C., and Dunkley Jones, T.: Climatic and tectonic drivers of late Oligocene Antarctic ice volume, Nat. Geosci., 15, 819–825, 2022.
England, M. H., Hutchinson, D. K., Santoso, A., and Sijp, W. P.: Ice–atmosphere feedbacks dominate the response of the climate system to Drake Passage closure, J. Clim., 30, 5775–5790, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0554.1, 2017.
Esper, O. and Zonneveld, K. A.: Distribution of organic-walled dinoflagellate cysts in surface sediments of the Southern Ocean (eastern Atlantic sector) between the Subtropical Front and the Weddell Gyre, Mar. Micropaleontol., 46, 177–208, 2002.
Esper, O. and Zonneveld, K. A.: The potential of organic-walled dinoflagellate cysts for the reconstruction of past sea-surface conditions in the Southern Ocean, Mar. Micropaleontol., 65, 185–212, 2007.
Eagles, G. and Jokat, W.: Tectonic reconstructions for paleobathymetry in Drake Passage, Tectonophysics, 611, 28–50, 2014.
Evangelinos, D., Escutia, C., Etourneau, J., Hoem, F., Bijl, P., Boterblom, W., van de Flierdt, T., Valero, L., Flores, J.-A., Rodriguez-Tovar, F. J., Jimenez-Espejo, F. J., Salabarnada, A., and López-Quirós, A.: Late Oligocene-Miocene proto-Antarctic Circumpolar Current dynamics off the Wilkes Land margin, East Antarctica, Glob. Planet. Change, 191, 103221, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2020.103221, 2020.
Evangelinos, D., Etourneau, J., van de Flierdt, T., Crosta, X., Jeandel, C., Flores, J.-A., Harwood, D. M., Valero, L., Ducassou, E., and Sauermilch, I.: Late Miocene onset of the modern Antarctic Circumpolar Current, Nat. Geosci., 17, 165–170, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-023-01356-3, 2024.
Foster, G. L., Lear, C. H., and Rae, J. W.: The evolution of pCO2, ice volume and climate during the middle Miocene, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 341, 243–254, 2012.
Frieling, J. and Sluijs, A.: Towards quantitative environmental reconstructions from ancient non-analogue microfossil assemblages: Ecological preferences of Paleocene – Eocene dinoflagellates, Earth-Sci. Rev., 185, 956–973, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2018.08.014, 2018.
Garabato, A. C. N., Heywood, K. J., and Stevens, D. P.: Modification and pathways of Southern Ocean deep waters in the Scotia Sea, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. I., 49, 681–705, 2002.
GEBCO: The General Bathymetric Chart of the Oceans, GEBCO, https://www.gebco.net (last access: 18 November 2023), 2023.
Gersonde, R., Abelmann, A., Burckle, L. H., Hamilton, N., Lazarus, D., Mccartney, K., O'Brien, P., Spieß, V., and Wise Jr., S. W.: Biostratigraphic synthesis of Neogene siliceous microfossils from the Antarctic ocean, ODP Leg 113 (Weddell Sea), in: Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results, Vol. 113, edited by: Barker, P. F., Kennett, J. P., O'Connell, S., Berkowitz, S. P., Bryant, W. R., Burckle, L. H., Egeberg, P. K., Fuetterer, D. K., Gersonde, R. E., Golovchenko, X., Hamilton, N., Lawver, L. A., Lazarus, D. B., Lonsdale, M. J., Mohr, B. A., Nagao, T., Pereira, C. P. G., Pudsey, C. J., Robert, C. M., Schandl, E. S., Spieß, V., Stott, L. D., Thomas, E., Thompson, K. F. M., Wise Jr., S. W., and Stewart, N. J., College Station, TX (Ocean Drilling Program), 915–936, https://doi.org/10.2973/odp.proc.sr.113.209.1990, 1990.
Guerstein, G. R., Guler, M. V., Williams, G. L., Fensome, R. A., and Chiesa, J. O.: Middle Palaeogene dinoflagellate cysts from Tierra del Fuego, Argentina: biostratigraphy and palaeoenvironments, J. Micropalaeontol., 27, 75–94, https://doi.org/10.1144/jm.27.1.75, 2008.
Guerstein, G. R., Guler, M. V., Brinkhuis, H., and Warnaar, J.: Mid Cenozoic palaeoclimatic and palaeoceanographic trends in the southwest Atlantic Basins, a dinoflagellate view. The paleontology of Gran Barranca: Evolution and environmental change through the middle Cenozoic of Patagonia, Cambridge University Press, 398–409, 2010.
Guerstein, G. R., Estebenet, M. S. G., Alperín, M. I., Casadío, S. A., and Archangelsky, S.: Correlation and paleoenvironments of middle Paleogene marine beds based on dinoflagellate cysts in southwestern Patagonia, Argentina, J. South Am. Earth Sci., 52, 166–178, 2014.
Guerstein, G. R., Amenábar, C. R., Fensome, R. A., Daners, G., and Palma, E. D.: Turbiosphaera archangelskyi sp. nov. and a morphological complex from the late Middle to Late Eocene of southern high latitudes: Biostratigraphic, palaeoenvironmental and palaeoceanographic implications, Rev. Palaeobot. Palynol., 319, 104991, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.revpalbo.2023.104991, 2023.
Hannah, M. J.: The palynology of ODP site 1165, Prydz Bay, East Antarctica: a record of Miocene glacial advance and retreat, Palaeogeogr. Palaeocl., 231, 120–133, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2005.07.029, 2006.
Harwood, D. M. and Maruyama, T.: Middle Eocene to Pleistocene diatom biostratigraphy of Southern Ocean sediments from the Kerguelen Plateau, Leg 120, in: Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results, Vol. 120, edited by: Wise Jr., S. W., Schlich, R., Palmer-Julson, A. A., Aubry, M.-P., Berggren, W. A., Bitschene, P. R., Blackburn, N. A., Breza, J. R., Coffin, M. F., Harwood, D. M., Heider, F., Holmes, M. A., Howard, W. R., Inokuchi, H., Kelts, K., Lazarus, D. B., Mackensen, A., Maruyama, T., Munschy, M., Pratson, E. L., Quilty, P. G., Rack, F. R., Salters, V. J. M., Sevigny, J. H., Storey, M., Takemura, A., Watkins, D. K., Whitechurch, H., Zachos, J., and Barbu, E. M., College Station, TX (Ocean Drilling Program), 683–733, https://doi.org/10.2973/odp.proc.sr.120.160.1992, 1992.
Harland, R. and Pudsey, C. J.: Dinoflagellate cysts from sediment traps deployed in the Bellingshausen, Weddell and Scotia seas, Antarctica, Mar. Micropaleontol., 37, 77–99, 1999.
Hartman, J. D., Sangiorgi, F., Salabarnada, A., Peterse, F., Houben, A. J. P., Schouten, S., Brinkhuis, H., Escutia, C., and Bijl, P. K.: Paleoceanography and ice sheet variability offshore Wilkes Land, Antarctica – Part 3: Insights from Oligocene–Miocene TEX86-based sea surface temperature reconstructions, Clim. Past, 14, 1275–1297, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-1275-2018, 2018.
Head, M. J., Harland, R., and Matthiessen, J.: Cold marine indicators of the late Quaternary: the new dinoflagellate cyst genus Islandinium and related morphotypes, J. Quaternary Sci., 16, 621–636, 2001.
Herbert, T. D., Lawrence, K. T., Tzanova, A., Peterson, L. C., Caballero-Gill, R., and Kelly, C. S.: Late Miocene global cooling and the rise of modern ecosystems, Nat. Geosci., 9, 843–847, 2016.
Herold, N., Huber, M., Müller, R., and Seton, M.: Modeling the Miocene climatic optimum: Ocean circulation, Paleoceanography, 27, PA1209, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010PA002041, 2012.
Hoem, F. S., Valero, L., Evangelinos, D., Escutia, C., Duncan, B., McKay, R. M., Brinkhuis, H., Sangiorgi, F., and Bijl, P. K.: Temperate Oligocene surface ocean conditions offshore of Cape Adare, Ross Sea, Antarctica, Clim. Past, 17, 1423–1442, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-1423-2021, 2021a.
Hoem, F. S., Sauermilch, I., Hou, S., Brinkhuis, H., Sangiorgi, F., and Bijl, P. K.: Late Eocene–early Miocene evolution of the southern Australian subtropical front: a marine palynological approach, J. Micropalaeontol., 40, 175–193, https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-40-175-2021, 2021b.
Hoem, F. S., Sauermilch, I., Aleksinski, A. K., Huber, M., Peterse, F., Sangiorgi, F., and Bijl, P. K.: Strength and variability of the Oligocene Southern Ocean surface temperature gradient, Commun. Earth Environ., 3, 322, https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-022-00666-5, 2022.
Hoem, F. S., López-Quirós, A., van de Lagemaat, S., Etourneau, J., Sicre, M.-A., Escutia, C., Brinkhuis, H., Peterse, F., Sangiorgi, F., and Bijl, P. K.: Late Cenozoic sea-surface-temperature evolution of the South Atlantic Ocean, Clim. Past, 19, 1931–1949, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-1931-2023, 2023.
Hoem, F. S., van den Broek, K., López-Quirós, A., van de Lagemaat, S., Bohaty, S. M., Hillenbrand, C. D., Larter, R. D., Van Peer, T. E., Brinkhuis, H., Sangiorgi, F., and Bijl, P. K.: Stepwise Oligocene–Miocene breakdown of subpolar gyres and strengthening of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (data sets), Zenodo [data set], https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14262307, 2024.
Holbourn, A., Kuhnt, W., Schulz, M., and Erlenkeuser, H.: Impacts of orbital forcing and atmospheric carbon dioxide on Miocene ice-sheet expansion, Nature, 438, 483–487, 2005.
Hou, S., Lamprou, F., Hoem, F. S., Hadju, M. R. N., Sangiorgi, F., Peterse, F., and Bijl, P. K.: Lipid-biomarker-based sea surface temperature record offshore Tasmania over the last 23 million years, Clim. Past, 19, 787–802, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-787-2023, 2023.
Hou, S., Stap, L. B., Paul, R., Nelissen, M., Hoem, F. S., Ziegler, M., Sluijs, A., Sangiorgi, F., and Bijl, P. K.: Reconciling Southern Ocean fronts equatorward migration with minor Antarctic ice volume change during Miocene cooling, Nat. Commun., 14, 7230, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-43106-4, 2023.
Houben, A. J., Bijl, P. K., Pross, J., Bohaty, S. M., Passchier, S., Stickley, C. E., Röhl, U., Sugisaki, S., Tauxe, L., and van de Flierdt, T.: Reorganization of Southern Ocean plankton ecosystem at the onset of Antarctic glaciation, Science, 340, 341–344, 2013.
Houben, A. J., Bijl, P. K., Sluijs, A., Schouten, S., and Brinkhuis, H.: Late Eocene Southern Ocean cooling and invigoration of circulation preconditioned Antarctica for full-scale glaciation, Geochem. Geophy. Geosy., 20, 2214–2234, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GC008182, 2019.
Hou, S., Stap, L., Paul, R., Nelissen, M., Hoem, F., Ziegler, M., Sluijs, A., Sangiorgi, F., and Bijl, P.: Reconciling equatorward migration of Southern Ocean fronts with minor ice volume change during Miocene cooling, Nat. Commun., 14, 7230, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-43106-4, 2023.
Huber, M., Brinkhuis, H., Stickley, C. E., Döös, K., Sluijs, A., Warnaar, J., Schellenberg, S. A., and Williams, G. L.: Eocene circulation of the Southern Ocean: Was Antarctica kept warm by subtropical waters?, Paleoceanography, 19, PA4026, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004PA001014, 2004.
Hutchinson, D. K., Coxall, H. K., Lunt, D. J., Steinthorsdottir, M., de Boer, A. M., Baatsen, M., von der Heydt, A., Huber, M., Kennedy-Asser, A. T., Kunzmann, L., Ladant, J.-B., Lear, C. H., Moraweck, K., Pearson, P. N., Piga, E., Pound, M. J., Salzmann, U., Scher, H. D., Sijp, W. P., Śliwińska, K. K., Wilson, P. A., and Zhang, Z.: The Eocene–Oligocene transition: a review of marine and terrestrial proxy data, models and model–data comparisons, Clim. Past, 17, 269–315, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-269-2021, 2021.
Kennedy, A. T., Farnsworth, A., Lunt, D., Lear, C. H., and Markwick, P.: Atmospheric and oceanic impacts of Antarctic glaciation across the Eocene–Oligocene transition, Philos. T. R. Soc. A, 373, 20140419, https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2014.0419, 2015.
Kennedy-Asser, A., Lunt, D. J., Farnsworth, A., and Valdes, P.: Assessing mechanisms and uncertainty in modeled climatic change at the Eocene-Oligocene transition, Paleoceanogr. Paleocl., 34, 16–34, 2019.
Kennett, J. P.: Cenozoic evolution of Antarctic glaciation, the circum-Antarctic Ocean, and their impact on global paleoceanography, J. Geophys. Res., 82, 3843–3860, 1977.
Lagabrielle, Y., Goddéris, Y., Donnadieu, Y., Malavieille, J., and Suarez, M.: The tectonic history of Drake Passage and its possible impacts on global climate, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 279, 197–211, 2009.
Leutert, T. J., Auderset, A., Martínez-García, A., Modestou, S., and Meckler, A. N.: Coupled Southern Ocean cooling and Antarctic ice sheet expansion during the middle Miocene, Nat. Geosci., 13, 634–639, 2020.
Levy, R., Harwood, D., Florindo, F., Sangiorgi, F., Tripati, R., Von Eynatten, H., Gasson, E., Kuhn, G., Tripati, A., and DeConto, R.: Antarctic ice sheet sensitivity to atmospheric CO2 variations in the early to mid-Miocene, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 113, 3453–3458, 2016.
Levy, R. H., Meyers, S. R., Naish, T. R., Golledge, N. R., McKay, R. M., Crampton, J. S., DeConto, R. M., De Santis, L., Florindo, F., Gasson, E. G. W., Harwood, D. M., Luyendyk, B. P., Powell, R. D., Clowes, C., and Kulhanek, D. K.: Antarctic ice-sheet sensitivity to obliquity forcing enhanced through ocean connections, Nat. Geosci., 12, 132–137, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-018-0284-4, 2019.
Livermore, R., Hillenbrand, C. D., Meredith, M., and Eagles, G.: Drake Passage and Cenozoic climate: an open and shut case?, Geochem. Geophy. Geosy., 8, Q01005, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005GC001224, 2007.
López-Quirós, A., Escutia, C., Etourneau, J., Rodríguez-Tovar, F. J., Bijl, P. K., Lobo, F. J., Bohoyo, F., Evangelinos, D., and Salabarnada, A.: Eocene-Miocene paleoceanographic changes in Drake Passage (Antarctica), POLAR 2018: Where the Poles come together. Abstract Proceedings, 487, WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF, ISBN 978-0-948277-54-2, 2018.
López-Quirós, A., Escutia, C., Sánchez-Navas, A., Nieto, F., Garcia-Casco, A., Martín-Algarra, A., Evangelinos, D., and Salabarnada, A.: Glaucony authigenesis, maturity and alteration in the Weddell Sea: An indicator of paleoenvironmental conditions before the onset of Antarctic glaciation, Sci. Rep., 9, 1–12, 2019.
López-Quirós, A., Sánchez-Navas, A., Nieto, F., and Escutia, C.: New insights into the nature of glauconite, Am. Mineral., 105, 674–686, 2020.
López-Quirós, A., Escutia, C., Etourneau, J., Rodríguez-Tovar, F. J., Roignant, S., Lobo, F. J., Thompson, N., Bijl, P. K., Bohoyo, F., and Salzmann, U.: Eocene-Oligocene paleoenvironmental changes in the South Orkney Microcontinent (Antarctica) linked to the opening of Powell Basin, Glob. Planet. Change, 204, 103581, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2021.103581, 2021.
Lyle, M., Gibbs, S., Moore, T. C., and Rea, D. K.: Late Oligocene initiation of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current: Evidence from the South Pacific, Geology, 35, 691–694, https://doi.org/10.1130/g23806a.1, 2007.
Majewski, W. and Bohaty, S. M.: Surface-water cooling and salinity decrease during the Middle Miocene climate transition at Southern Ocean ODP Site 747 (Kerguelen Plateau), Mar. Micropaleontol., 74, 1–14, 2010.
Maldonado, A., Bohoyo, F., Galindo-Zaldívar, J., Hernández-Molina, J., Jabaloy, A., Lobo, F., Rodríguez-Fernández, J., Suriñach, E., and Vázquez, J.: Ocean basins near the Scotia–Antarctic plate boundary: influence of tectonics and paleoceanography on the Cenozoic deposits, Mar. Geophys. Res., 27, 83–107, 2006.
Maldonado, A., Bohoyo, F., Galindo-Zaldívar, J., Hernández-Molina, F. J., Lobo, F. J., Lodolo, E., Martos, Y. M., Pérez, L. F., Schreider, A. A., and Somoza, L.: A model of oceanic development by ridge jumping: opening of the Scotia Sea, Glob. Planet. Change, 123, 152–173, 2014.
Marret, F., Bradley, L., de Vernal, A., Hardy, W., Kim, S.-Y., Mudie, P., Penaud, A., Pospelova, V., Price, A. M., and Radi, T.: From bi-polar to regional distribution of modern dinoflagellate cysts, an overview of their biogeography, Mar. Micropaleontol., 159, 101753, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marmicro.2019.101753, 2020.
Marschalek, J., Zurli, L., Talarico, F., Van de Flierdt, T., Vermeesch, P., Carter, A., Beny, F., Bout-Roumazeilles, V., Sangiorgi, F., and Hemming, S.: A large West Antarctic Ice Sheet explains early Neogene sea-level amplitude, Nature, 600, 450–455, 2021.
McKay, R., Barrett, P., Levy, R., Naish, T., Golledge, N., and Pyne, A.: Antarctic Cenozoic climate history from sedimentary records: ANDRILL and beyond, Philos. T. R. Soc. A, 374, 20140301, https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2014.0301, 2016.
McKay, R. M., De Santis, L., Kulhanek, D. K., Ash, J. L., Beny, F., Browne, I. M., Cortese, G., Cordeiro de Sousa, I. M., Dodd, J. P., Esper, O. M., Gales, J. A., Harwood, D. M., Ishino, S., Keisling, B. A., Kim, S., Kim, S., Laberg, J. S., Leckie, R. M., Müller, J., Patterson, M. O., Romans, B. W., Romero, O. E., Sangiorgi, F., Seki, O., Shevenell, A. E., Singh, S. M., Sugisaki, S. T., van de Flierdt, T., van Peer, T. E., Xiao, W., and Xiong, Z.: Expedition 374 methods, in: Ross Sea West Antarctic Ice Sheet History, edited by: McKay, R. M., De Santis, L., Kulhanek, D. K., and the Expedition 374 Scientists, Proceedings of the International Ocean Discovery Program, 374: College Station, TX (International Ocean Discovery Program), https://doi.org/10.14379/iodp.proc.374.102.2019, 2019.
Miller, K. G., Wright, J. D., and Browning, J. V.: Visions of ice sheets in a greenhouse world, Mar. Geol., 217, 215–231, 2005.
Müller, R. D., Cannon, J., Qin, X., Watson, R. J., Gurnis, M., Williams, S., Pfaffelmoser, T., Seton, M., Russell, S. H., and Zahirovic, S.: GPlates: building a virtual Earth through deep time, Geochem. Geophy. Geosy., 19, 2243–2261, 2018.
Neville, L. A., Grasby, S. E., and McNeil, D. H.: Limited freshwater cap in the Eocene Arctic Ocean, Sci. Rep., 9, 4226, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-40591-w, 2019.
Nicholson, U. and Stow, D.: Erosion and deposition beneath the Subantarctic Front since the Early Oligocene, Sci. Rep., 9, 1–9, 2019.
Orsi, A. H., Whitworth III, T., and Nowlin Jr, W. D.: On the meridional extent and fronts of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. I, 42, 641–673, 1995.
Parras, A., Guerstein, G. R., Panera, J. P. P., Griffin, M., Náñez, C., Cusminsky, G., and Quiroga, A.: Integrated stratigraphy and paleontology of the lower Miocene Monte León Formation, southeastern Patagonia, Argentina: Unraveling paleoenvironmental changes and factors controlling sedimentation, Palaeogeogr. Palaeocl., 556, 109701, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2020.109701, 2020.
Pérez, L. F., Hernández-Molina, F. J., Lodolo, E., Bohoyo, F., Galindo-Zaldívar, J., and Maldonado, A.: Oceanographic and climatic consequences of the tectonic evolution of the southern scotia sea basins, Antarctica, Earth-Sci. Rev., 198, 102922, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2019.102922, 2019.
Pérez, L. F., Martos, Y. M., García, M., Weber, M. E., Raymo, M. E., Williams, T., Bohoyo, F., Armbrecht, L., Bailey, I., and Brachfeld, S.: Miocene to present oceanographic variability in the Scotia Sea and Antarctic ice sheets dynamics: Insight from revised seismic-stratigraphy following IODP Expedition 382, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 553, 116657, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2020.116657, 2021.
Pérez, L. F., De Santis, L., McKay, R. M., Larter, R. D., Ash, J., Bart, P. J., Böhm, G., Brancatelli, G., Browne, I., and Colleoni, F.: Early and middle Miocene ice sheet dynamics in the Ross Sea: Results from integrated core-log-seismic interpretation, GSA Bull., 134, 348–370, https://doi.org/10.1130/B35814.1, 2022.
Plancq, J., Mattioli, E., Pittet, B., Simon, L., and Grossi, V.: Productivity and sea-surface temperature changes recorded during the late Eocene–early Oligocene at DSDP Site 511 (South Atlantic), Palaeogeogr. Palaeocl., 407, 34–44, 2014.
Prebble, J. G., Crouch, E. M., Carter, L., Cortese, G., Bostock, H., and Neil, H.: An expanded modern dinoflagellate cyst dataset for the Southwest Pacific and Southern Hemisphere with environmental associations, Mar. Micropaleontol., 101, 33–48, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marmicro.2013.04.004, 2013.
Premaor, E., Ferreira, E. P., Guerstein, G. R., and Souza, P. A.: Eocene paleoceanographic and paleoclimatic events recognized by assemblages of dinoflagellate cysts in the Southwest Atlantic Ocean, J. South Am. Earth Sci., 130, 104587, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsames.2023.104587, 2023.
Pross, J. and Brinkhuis, H.: Organic-walled dinoflagellate cysts as paleoenvironmental indicators in the Paleogene; a synopsis of concepts, Paläontol. Z., 79, 53–59, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03021753, 2005.
Reynolds, R. W., Rayner, N. A., Smith, T. M., Stokes, D. C., and Wang, W.: An improved in situ and satellite SST analysis for climate, J. Clim., 15, 1609–1625, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(2002)015<1609:AIISAS>2.0.CO;2, 2002.
Roberts, A. P., Bicknell, S. J., Byatt, J., Bohaty, S. M., Florindo, F., and Harwood, D. M.: Magnetostratigraphic calibration of Southern Ocean diatom datums from the Eocene-Oligocene of Kerguelen Plateau (Ocean Drilling Program sites 744 and 748), Palaeogeogr. Palaeocl., 198, 145–168, doi.org/10.1016/S0031-0182(03)00397-3, 2023.
Rohling, E. J., Foster, G. L., Gernon, T. M., Grant, K. M., Heslop, D., Hibbert, F. D., Roberts, A. P., and Yu, J.: Comparison and synthesis of sea-level and deep-sea temperature variations over the past 40 million years, Rev. Geophys., 60, e2022RG000775, https://doi.org/10.1029/2022RG000775, 2022.
Sangiorgi, F., Bijl, P. K., Passchier, S., Salzmann, U., Schouten, S., McKay, R., Cody, R. D., Pross, J., van de Flierdt, T., Bohaty, S. M., Levy, R., Williams, T., Escutia, C., and Brinkhuis, H.: Southern Ocean warming and Wilkes Land ice sheet retreat during the mid-Miocene, Nat. Commun., 9, 317, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-017-02609-7, 2018.
Sauermilch, I., Whittaker, J. M., Klocker, A., Munday, D. R., Hochmuth, K., Bijl, P. K., and LaCasce, J. H.: Gateway-driven weakening of ocean gyres leads to Southern Ocean cooling, Nat. Commun., 12, 1–8, 2021.
Scher, H. D., Whittaker, J. M., Williams, S. E., Latimer, J. C., Kordesch, W. E. C., and Delaney, M. L.: Onset of Antarctic Circumpolar Current 30 million years ago as Tasmanian Gateway aligned with westerlies, Nature, 523, 580–583, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature14598, 2015.
Schreck, M. and Matthiessen, J.: Batiacasphaera micropapillata: Palaeobiogeographic distribution and palaeoecological implications of a critical Neogene species complex, Biological and Geological Perspectives of Dinoflagellates, The Micropalaeontological Society, Special Publications, Geol. Soc. Lond., 5, 301–314, 2013.
Shevenell, A. E., Kennett, J. P., and Lea, D. W.: Middle Miocene ice sheet dynamics, deep-sea temperatures, and carbon cycling: A Southern Ocean perspective, Geochem. Geophy. Geosy., 9, Q02006, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007GC001736, 2008.
Sijp, W. P. and England, M. H.: Effect of the Drake Passage throughflow on global climate, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 34, 1254–1266, 2004.
Sijp, W. P., von der Heydt, A. S., and Bijl, P. K.: Model simulations of early westward flow across the Tasman Gateway during the early Eocene, Clim. Past, 12, 807–817, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-807-2016, 2016.
Sluijs, A., Brinkhuis, H., Stickley, C., Warnaar, J., Williams, G., and Fuller, M.: Dinoflagellate cysts from the Eocene/Oligocene transition in the Southern Ocean; results from ODP Leg 189, Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Sci. Res., 189, 1–42, https://doi.org/10.2973/odp.proc.sr.189.104.2003, 2003.
Sluijs, A., Pross, J., and Brinkhuis, H.: From greenhouse to icehouse; organic-walled dinoflagellate cysts as paleoenvironmental indicators in the Paleogene, Earth-Sci. Rev., 68, 281–315, 2005.
Sluijs, A. and Brinkhuis, H.: A dynamic climate and ecosystem state during the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum: inferences from dinoflagellate cyst assemblages on the New Jersey Shelf, Biogeosciences, 6, 1755–1781, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-6-1755-2009, 2009.
Sosdian, S., Babila, T., Greenop, R., Foster, G., and Lear, C.: Ocean carbon storage across the middle Miocene: A new interpretation for the Monterey Event, Nat. Commun., 11, 1–11, 2020.
Stickley, C. E., Brinkhuis, H., Schellenberg, S. A., Sluijs, A., Röhl, U., Fuller, M., Grauert, M., Huber, M., Warnaar, J., and Williams, G. L.: Timing and nature of the deepening of the Tasmanian Gateway, Paleoceanography, 19, PA4027, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004PA001022, 2004.
Stuart, K. and Long, D.: Tracking large tabular icebergs using the SeaWinds Ku-band microwave scatterometer, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. II, 58, 1285–1300, 2011.
Thöle, L. M., Nooteboom, P. D., Hou, S., Wang, R., Nie, S., Michel, E., Sauermilch, I., Marret, F., Sangiorgi, F., and Bijl, P. K.: An expanded database of Southern Hemisphere surface sediment dinoflagellate cyst assemblages and their oceanographic affinities, J. Micropalaeontol., 42, 35–56, https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-42-35-2023, 2023.
Tibbett, E. J., Warny, S., Tierney, J. E., Wellner, J. S., and Feakins, S. J.: Cenozoic Antarctic Peninsula Temperatures and Glacial Erosion Signals From a Multi-Proxy Biomarker Study, Paleoceanogr. Paleocl., 37, e2022PA004430, https://doi.org/10.1029/2022PA004430, 2022.
Toggweiler, J. R., Russell, J. L., and Carson, S. R.: Midlatitude westerlies, atmospheric CO2, and climate change during the ice ages, Paleoceanography, 21,PA2005, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005PA001154, 2006.
Toumoulin, A., Donnadieu, Y., Ladant, J. B., Batenburg, S., Poblete, F., and Dupont-Nivet, G.: Quantifying the effect of the Drake Passage opening on the Eocene Ocean, Paleoceanogr. Paleocl., 35, e2020PA003889, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020PA003889, 2020.
van de Lagemaat, S. H., Swart, M. L., Vaes, B., Kosters, M. E., Boschman, L. M., Burton-Johnson, A., Bijl, P. K., Spakman, W., and van Hinsbergen, D. J.: Subduction initiation in the Scotia Sea region and opening of the Drake Passage: When and why?, Earth-Sci. Rev., 215, 103551, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2021.103551, 2021.
Verducci, M., Foresi, L., Scott, G., Sprovieri, M., Lirer, F., and Pelosi, N.: The Middle Miocene climatic transition in the Southern Ocean: evidence of paleoclimatic and hydrographic changes at Kerguelen plateau from planktonic foraminifers and stable isotopes, Palaeogeogr. Palaeocl., 280, 371–386, 2009.
Wall, D., Dale, B., Lohmann, G., and Smith, W. K.: The environmental and climatic distribution of dinoflagellate cysts in modern marine sediments from regions in the North and South Atlantic Oceans and adjacent seas, Mar. Micropaleontol., 2, 121–200, 1977.
Warnaar, J., Bijl, P. K., Huber, M., Sloan, L., Brinkhuis, H., Röhl, U., Sriver, R., and Visscher, H.: Orbitally forced climate changes in the Tasman sector during the Middle Eocene, Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol., 280, 361–370, 2009.
Warny, S., Kymes, C. M., Askin, R. A., Krajewski, K. P., and Bart, P. J.: Remnants of Antarctic vegetation on King George Island during the early Miocene Melville glaciation, Palynology, 40, 66–82, https://doi.org/10.1080/01916122.2014.999954, 2016.
Weber, M. E., Raymo, M. E., Peck, V. L., Williams, T., and the Expedition 382 Scientists: Site U1536, Proceedings of the International Ocean Discovery Program, Vol. 382, 2021.
Williams, G. L., Fensome, R. A., and MacRae, R. A.: The Lentin and Williams Index of Fossil Dinoflagellates 2017 Edition, https://palynology.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/AASP-Contribution-Series-No.48.pdf (last access: 18 November 2023), 2017.
Zonneveld, K. A. F., Versteegh, G. J. M., Kasten, S., Eglinton, T. I., Emeis, K.-C., Huguet, C., Koch, B. P., de Lange, G. J., de Leeuw, J. W., Middelburg, J. J., Mollenhauer, G., Prahl, F. G., Rethemeyer, J., and Wakeham, S. G.: Selective preservation of organic matter in marine environments; processes and impact on the sedimentary record, Biogeosciences, 7, 483–511, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-7-483-2010, 2010.
Zonneveld, K. A., Marret, F., Versteegh, G. J., Bogus, K., Bonnet, S., Bouimetarhan, I., Crouch, E., de Vernal, A., Elshanawany, R., and Edwards, L.: Atlas of modern dinoflagellate cyst distribution based on 2405 data points, Rev. Palaeobot. Palynol., 191, 1–197, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.revpalbo.2012.08.003, 2013.
Short summary
The timing and impact of onset of Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) on climate and Antarctic ice are unclear. We reconstruct late Eocene to Miocene southern Atlantic surface ocean environment using microfossil remains of dinoflagellates (dinocysts). Our dinocyst records shows the breakdown of subpolar gyres in the late Oligocene and the transition into a modern-like oceanographic regime with ACC flow, established frontal systems, Antarctic proximal cooling, and sea ice by the late Miocene.
The timing and impact of onset of Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) on climate and Antarctic...
