Deep Sea Drilling Project Site 407, near Iceland, offers a valuable 25-million-year record of planktonic foraminifera evolution from the Late Cenozoic. Species counts and ranges, assemblage changes, and biostratigraphic zones were identified. Key findings include the shifts in species dominance and diversity. Challenges include sediment gaps and missing biozone markers. We aim to enhance the Neogene–Quaternary Middle Atlas and improve the North Atlantic palaeoceanography and biostratigraphy.

We revisited a 19th-century taxonomic study on Hong Kong marine ostracods (the first study on Chinese marine ostracods) to compare it with a 21st-century survey. We found substantial differences in species, likely related to differences in pollution and climate between the 19th and 21st centuries. This discovery highlights the importance of historical ecology. Early natural historians documented "natural baseline" ecosystems before the substantial human presence with industrialization.

The timing and impact of onset of Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) on climate and Antarctic ice are unclear. We reconstruct late Eocene to Miocene southern Atlantic surface ocean environment using microfossil remains of dinoflagellates (dinocysts). Our dinocyst records shows the breakdown of subpolar gyres in the late Oligocene and the transition into a modern-like oceanographic regime with ACC flow, established frontal systems, Antarctic proximal cooling, and sea ice by the late Miocene.

Anticosti Island has a well-preserved rock succession throughout the Aeronian–Telychian boundary in the Llandovery Epoch, Silurian period, which includes two important biogeochemical events, the late Aeronian and the Valgu. This study suggests the position of this boundary in Anticosti based on the correlation of the island’s chitinozoan assemblages with the global occurrences, confirming both a remarkable preservation of upper Aeronian rocks and the record of the Valgu event.

We present intrinsic details of dinocyst taxa and assemblages from the sole available central Arctic late Paleocene–early Eocene sedimentary succession recovered at the central Lomonosov Ridge by the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Expedition 302. We develop a pragmatic taxonomic framework, document critical biostratigraphic events, and propose two new genera and seven new species.

There is a dearth of reliable conodont biostratigraphic data from the Lower Triassic strata in the Liangshan area, Shaanxi (southern China), at the eastern margin of Palaeo-Tethys Ocean. We present a palaeontological stratigraphy investigation of the Zhangkouzi and Chencun sections. Our results provide a reliable biostratigraphy framework for the Permian–Triassic strata in this area.