Articles | Volume 39, issue 1
https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-39-27-2020
© Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-39-27-2020
© Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Ontogenetic disparity in early planktic foraminifers
Sophie Kendall
School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1RJ, UK
Felix Gradstein
Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway
Christopher Jones
School of Physics, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1RJ, UK
Oliver T. Lord
School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1RJ, UK
Daniela N. Schmidt
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1RJ, UK
Related authors
No articles found.
Ruby Barrett, Joost de Vries, and Daniela N. Schmidt
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2405, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2405, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Planktic foraminifers are a plankton whose fossilised shell weight is used to reconstruct past environmental conditions such as seawater CO2. However, there is debate about whether other environmental drivers impact shell weight. Here we use a global data compilation and statistics to analyse what controls their weight. We find that the response varies between species and ocean basin, making it important to use regional calibrations and consider which species should be used to reconstruct CO2.
Rachel A. Kruft Welton, George Hoppit, Daniela N. Schmidt, James D. Witts, and Benjamin C. Moon
Biogeosciences, 21, 223–239, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-223-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-223-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We conducted a meta-analysis of known experimental literature examining how marine bivalve growth rates respond to climate change. Growth is usually negatively impacted by climate change. Bivalve eggs/larva are generally more vulnerable than either juveniles or adults. Available data on the bivalve response to climate stressors are biased towards early growth stages (commercially important in the Global North), and many families have only single experiments examining climate change impacts.
Rui Ying, Fanny M. Monteiro, Jamie D. Wilson, and Daniela N. Schmidt
Geosci. Model Dev., 16, 813–832, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-813-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-813-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Planktic foraminifera are marine-calcifying zooplankton; their shells are widely used to measure past temperature and productivity. We developed ForamEcoGEnIE 2.0 to simulate the four subgroups of this organism. We found that the relative abundance distribution agrees with marine sediment core-top data and that carbon export and biomass are close to sediment trap and plankton net observations respectively. This model provides the opportunity to study foraminiferal ecology in any geological era.
Anna Mikis, Katharine R. Hendry, Jennifer Pike, Daniela N. Schmidt, Kirsty M. Edgar, Victoria Peck, Frank J. C. Peeters, Melanie J. Leng, Michael P. Meredith, Chloe L. C. Jones, Sharon Stammerjohn, and Hugh Ducklow
Biogeosciences, 16, 3267–3282, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-3267-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-3267-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Antarctic marine calcifying organisms are threatened by regional climate change and ocean acidification. Future projections of regional carbonate production are challenging due to the lack of historical data combined with complex climate variability. We present a 6-year record of flux, morphology and geochemistry of an Antarctic planktonic foraminifera, which shows that their growth is most sensitive to sea ice dynamics and is linked with the El Niño–Southern Oscillation.
Maria Grigoratou, Fanny M. Monteiro, Daniela N. Schmidt, Jamie D. Wilson, Ben A. Ward, and Andy Ridgwell
Biogeosciences, 16, 1469–1492, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-1469-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-1469-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
The paper presents a novel study based on the traits of shell size, calcification and feeding behaviour of two planktonic foraminifera life stages using modelling simulations. With the model, we tested the cost and benefit of calcification and explored how the interactions of planktonic foraminifera among other plankton groups influence their biomass under different environmental conditions. Our results provide new insights into environmental controls in planktonic foraminifera ecology.
Marcus P. S. Badger, Thomas B. Chalk, Gavin L. Foster, Paul R. Bown, Samantha J. Gibbs, Philip F. Sexton, Daniela N. Schmidt, Heiko Pälike, Andreas Mackensen, and Richard D. Pancost
Clim. Past, 15, 539–554, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-539-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-539-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Understanding how atmospheric CO2 has affected the climate of the past is an important way of furthering our understanding of how CO2 may affect our climate in the future. There are several ways of determining CO2 in the past; in this paper, we ground-truth one method (based on preserved organic matter from alga) against the record of CO2 preserved as bubbles in ice cores over a glacial–interglacial cycle. We find that there is a discrepancy between the two.
M. Wall, F. Ragazzola, L. C. Foster, A. Form, and D. N. Schmidt
Biogeosciences, 12, 6869–6880, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-6869-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-6869-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
We investigated the ability of cold-water corals to deal with changes in ocean pH. We uniquely combined morphological assessment with boron isotope analysis to determine if changes in growth are related to changes in control of calcification pH. We found that the cold-water coral Lophelia pertusa can maintain the skeletal morphology, growth patterns as well as internal calcification pH. This has important implications for their future occurrence and explains their cosmopolitan distribution.
L. A. Melbourne, J. Griffin, D. N. Schmidt, and E. J. Rayfield
Biogeosciences, 12, 5871–5883, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-5871-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-5871-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
Using Finite element modelling (FEM) we show that a simplified geometric FE model can predict the structural strength of the coralline algal skeleton. We compared a series of 3D geometric FE-models with increasing complexity to a biologically accurate model derived from computed tomography (CT) scan data. Using geometric models provides the basis for a better understanding of the potential effect of climate change on the structural integrity of these organisms.
C. V. Davis, M. P. S. Badger, P. R. Bown, and D. N. Schmidt
Biogeosciences, 10, 6131–6139, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-6131-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-6131-2013, 2013
A. G. M. Caromel, D. N. Schmidt, and J. C. Phillips
Biogeosciences Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/bgd-10-6763-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bgd-10-6763-2013, 2013
Revised manuscript not accepted
Daniela N. Schmidt, Jeremy R. Young, Shirley Van Heck, and Jackie Lees
J. Micropalaeontol., 28, 91–93, https://doi.org/10.1144/jm.28.1.91, https://doi.org/10.1144/jm.28.1.91, 2009
Related subject area
Planktic foraminifera
Pliocene–Pleistocene warm-water incursions and water mass changes on the Ross Sea continental shelf (Antarctica) based on foraminifera from IODP Expedition 374
Rediscovering Globigerina bollii Cita and Premoli Silva 1960
Biochronology and evolution of Pulleniatina (planktonic foraminifera)
Globigerinoides rublobatus – a new species of Pleistocene planktonic foraminifera
Analysing planktonic foraminiferal growth in three dimensions with foram3D: an R package for automated trait measurements from CT scans
Spine-like structures in Paleogene muricate planktonic foraminifera
Taxonomic review of living planktonic foraminifera
Upper Eocene planktonic foraminifera from northern Saudi Arabia: implications for stratigraphic ranges
Jurassic planktic foraminifera from the Polish Basin
Automated analysis of foraminifera fossil records by image classification using a convolutional neural network
Middle Jurassic (Bajocian) planktonic foraminifera from the northwest Australian margin
Seasonal and interannual variability in population dynamics of planktic foraminifers off Puerto Rico (Caribbean Sea)
Calcification depth of deep-dwelling planktonic foraminifera from the eastern North Atlantic constrained by stable oxygen isotope ratios of shells from stratified plankton tows
Reproducibility of species recognition in modern planktonic foraminifera and its implications for analyses of community structure
Factors affecting consistency and accuracy in identifying modern macroperforate planktonic foraminifera
Julia L. Seidenstein, R. Mark Leckie, Robert McKay, Laura De Santis, David Harwood, and IODP Expedition 374 Scientists
J. Micropalaeontol., 43, 211–238, https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-43-211-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-43-211-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Warmer waters in the Southern Ocean have led to the loss of Antarctic ice during past interglacial times. The shells of foraminifera are preserved in Ross Sea sediment, which is collected in cores. Benthic species from Site U1523 inform us about changing water masses and current activity, including incursions of Circumpolar Deep Water. Warm water planktic species were found in sediment samples from four intervals within 3.72–1.82 million years ago, indicating warmer than present conditions.
Alessio Fabbrini, Maria Rose Petrizzo, Isabella Premoli Silva, Luca M. Foresi, and Bridget S. Wade
J. Micropalaeontol., 43, 121–138, https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-43-121-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-43-121-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We report on the rediscovery of Globigerina bollii, a planktonic foraminifer described by Cita and Premoli Silva (1960) in the Mediterranean Basin. We redescribe G. bollii as a valid species belonging to the genus Globoturborotalita. We report and summarise all the recordings of the taxon in the scientific literature. Then we discuss how the taxon might be a palaeogeographical indicator of the intermittent gateways between the Mediterranean Sea, Paratethys, and Indian Ocean.
Paul N. Pearson, Jeremy Young, David J. King, and Bridget S. Wade
J. Micropalaeontol., 42, 211–255, https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-42-211-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-42-211-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Planktonic foraminifera are marine plankton that have a long and continuous fossil record. They are used for correlating and dating ocean sediments and studying evolution and past climates. This paper presents new information about Pulleniatina, one of the most widespread and abundant groups, from an important site in the Pacific Ocean. It also brings together a very large amount of information on the fossil record from other sites globally.
Marcin Latas, Paul N. Pearson, Christopher R. Poole, Alessio Fabbrini, and Bridget S. Wade
J. Micropalaeontol., 42, 57–81, https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-42-57-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-42-57-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Planktonic foraminifera are microscopic single-celled organisms populating world oceans. They have one of the most complete fossil records; thanks to their great abundance, they are widely used to study past marine environments. We analysed and measured series of foraminifera shells from Indo-Pacific sites, which led to the description of a new species of fossil planktonic foraminifera. Part of its population exhibits pink pigmentation, which is only the third such case among known species.
Anieke Brombacher, Alex Searle-Barnes, Wenshu Zhang, and Thomas H. G. Ezard
J. Micropalaeontol., 41, 149–164, https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-41-149-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-41-149-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Foraminifera are sand-grain-sized marine organisms that build spiral shells. When they die, the shells sink to the sea floor where they are preserved for millions of years. We wrote a software package that automatically analyses the fossil spirals to learn about evolution of new shapes in the geological past. With this software we will be able to analyse larger datasets than we currently can, which will improve our understanding of the evolution of new species.
Paul N. Pearson, Eleanor John, Bridget S. Wade, Simon D'haenens, and Caroline H. Lear
J. Micropalaeontol., 41, 107–127, https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-41-107-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-41-107-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The microscopic shells of planktonic foraminifera accumulate on the sea floor over millions of years, providing a rich archive for understanding the history of the oceans. We examined an extinct group that flourished between about 63 and 32 million years ago using scanning electron microscopy and show that they were covered with needle-like spines in life. This has implications for analytical methods that we use to determine past seawater temperature and acidity.
Geert-Jan A. Brummer and Michal Kučera
J. Micropalaeontol., 41, 29–74, https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-41-29-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-41-29-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
To aid researchers working with living planktonic foraminifera, we provide a comprehensive review of names that we consider appropriate for extant species. We discuss the reasons for the decisions we made and provide a list of species and genus-level names as well as other names that have been used in the past but are considered inappropriate for living taxa, stating the reasons.
Bridget S. Wade, Mohammed H. Aljahdali, Yahya A. Mufrreh, Abdullah M. Memesh, Salih A. AlSoubhi, and Iyad S. Zalmout
J. Micropalaeontol., 40, 145–161, https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-40-145-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-40-145-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We examined the planktonic foraminifera (calcareous zooplankton) from a section in northern Saudi Arabia. We found the assemblages to be diverse, well-preserved and of late Eocene age. Our study provides new insights into the stratigraphic ranges of many species and indicates that the late Eocene had a higher tropical/subtropical diversity of planktonic foraminifera than previously reported.
Maria Gajewska, Zofia Dubicka, and Malcolm B. Hart
J. Micropalaeontol., 40, 1–13, https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-40-1-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-40-1-2021, 2021
Ross Marchant, Martin Tetard, Adnya Pratiwi, Michael Adebayo, and Thibault de Garidel-Thoron
J. Micropalaeontol., 39, 183–202, https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-39-183-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-39-183-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Foraminifera are marine microorganisms with a calcium carbonate shell. Their fossil remains build up on the seafloor, forming kilometres of sediment over time. From analysis of the foraminiferal record we can estimate past climate conditions and the geological history of the Earth. We have developed an artificial intelligence system for automatically identifying foraminifera species, replacing the time-consuming manual approach and thus helping to make these analyses more efficient and accurate.
Marjorie Apthorpe
J. Micropalaeontol., 39, 93–115, https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-39-93-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-39-93-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Three well-preserved new species of Middle Jurassic (Bajocian) planktonic foraminifera from the continental margin of northwest Australia are described. This is on the southern shelf of the Tethys Ocean, and these planktonics are the first to be reported from the Jurassic Southern Hemisphere. Described as new are Globuligerina bathoniana australiana n. ssp., G. altissapertura n. sp. and Mermaidogerina loopae n. gen. n. sp. The research is part of a study of regional Jurassic foraminifera.
Anna Jentzen, Joachim Schönfeld, Agnes K. M. Weiner, Manuel F. G. Weinkauf, Dirk Nürnberg, and Michal Kučera
J. Micropalaeontol., 38, 231–247, https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-38-231-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-38-231-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
The study assessed the population dynamics of living planktic foraminifers on a weekly, seasonal, and interannual timescale off the coast of Puerto Rico to improve our understanding of short- and long-term variations. The results indicate a seasonal change of the faunal composition, and over the last decades. Lower standing stocks and lower stable carbon isotope values of foraminifers in shallow waters can be linked to the hurricane Sandy, which passed the Greater Antilles during autumn 2012.
Andreia Rebotim, Antje Helga Luise Voelker, Lukas Jonkers, Joanna J. Waniek, Michael Schulz, and Michal Kucera
J. Micropalaeontol., 38, 113–131, https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-38-113-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-38-113-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
To reconstruct subsurface water conditions using deep-dwelling planktonic foraminifera, we must fully understand how the oxygen isotope signal incorporates into their shell. We report δ18O in four species sampled in the eastern North Atlantic with plankton tows. We assess the size and crust effect on the isotopic δ18O and compared them with predictions from two equations. We reveal different patterns of calcite addition with depth, highlighting the need to perform species-specific calibrations.
Nadia Al-Sabouni, Isabel S. Fenton, Richard J. Telford, and Michal Kučera
J. Micropalaeontol., 37, 519–534, https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-37-519-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-37-519-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
In this study we investigate consistency in species-level identifications and whether disagreements are predictable. Overall, 21 researchers from across the globe identified sets of 300 specimens or digital images of planktonic foraminifera. Digital identifications tended to be more disparate. Participants trained by the same person often had more similar identifications. Disagreements hardly affected transfer-function temperature estimates but produced larger differences in diversity metrics.
Isabel S. Fenton, Ulrike Baranowski, Flavia Boscolo-Galazzo, Hannah Cheales, Lyndsey Fox, David J. King, Christina Larkin, Marcin Latas, Diederik Liebrand, C. Giles Miller, Katrina Nilsson-Kerr, Emanuela Piga, Hazel Pugh, Serginio Remmelzwaal, Zoe A. Roseby, Yvonne M. Smith, Stephen Stukins, Ben Taylor, Adam Woodhouse, Savannah Worne, Paul N. Pearson, Christopher R. Poole, Bridget S. Wade, and Andy Purvis
J. Micropalaeontol., 37, 431–443, https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-37-431-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-37-431-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
In this study we investigate consistency in species-level identifications and whether disagreements are predictable. Twenty-three scientists identified a set of 100 planktonic foraminifera, noting their confidence in each identification. The median accuracy of students was 57 %; 79 % for experienced researchers. Where they were confident in the identifications, the values are 75 % and 93 %, respectively. Accuracy was significantly higher if the students had been taught how to identify species.
Cited articles
Allison, P. A. and Bottjer, D. J.: Taphonomy: Process and Bias Through Time,
Springer, New York, 560 pp., 2010.
Berger, W. H.: Planktonic Foraminifera?: Basic Morphology and Ecologic
Implications, J. Paleontol., 43, 1369–1383, 1969.
BouDagher-Fadel, M. K., Banner, F. T., and Whittaker, J. E.: Early
evolutionary history of planktonic foraminifera, Chapham & Hall, London, 269 pp.,
1997.
Briguglio, A., Kinoshita, S., Hohenegger, J., and Wolfgring, E.:
Morphological variations in Cycloclypeus carpenteri: multiple embryos and multiple equatorial
layers, Palaeontol. Electron., 19, 1–22, 2016.
Brummer, G. J. A., Hemleben, C., and Spindler, M.: Planktonic foraminiferal
ontogeny and new perspectives for micropalaeontology, Nature, 319,
50–52, https://doi.org/10.1038/319050a0, 1986.
Brummer, G. J. A., Hemleben, C., and Spindler, M.: Ontogeny of extant spinose
planktonic foraminifera (Globigerinidae): A concept exemplified by
Globigerinoides sacculifer (Brady) and G. Ruber (d'Orbigny), Mar. Micropaleontol., 12, 357–381,
https://doi.org/10.1016/0377-8398(87)90028-4, 1987.
Bucher, H., Landman, N. H., Klofak, S. M., and Guex, J.: Mode and rate of
growth in ammonoids, in: Ammonoid Paleobiology, edited by: Landman, N. H.,
Plenum Press, New York, 408–461, 1996.
Caromel, A. G. M., Schmidt, D. N., Fletcher, I., and Rayfield, E. J.: Morphological Change During The Ontogeny Of The Planktic Foraminifera, J. Micropalaeontol., 35, 2–19, https://doi.org/10.1144/jmpaleo2014-017, 2016.
Ciampaglio, C. N., Kemp, M., and McShea, D. W.: Paleontological Society
Detecting Changes in Morphospace Occupation Patterns in the Fossil Record?:
Characterization and Analysis of Measures of Disparity, Paleobiology, 27,
695–715, 2001.
Cifelli, R. L.: Radiation of Cenozoic Planktonic Foraminifera, Syst. Zool.,
18, 154–168, https://doi.org/10.2307/2412601, 1969.
Ezard, T. H. G.: Interplay Between Changing Climate and Species' Ecology
Drives Macroevolutionary Dynamics, Science, 332, 349–351,
https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1203060, 2011.
Foote, M.: Contributions of individual taxa to overall morphological
disparity, Paleobiology, 19, 403–419, 1993.
Gerber, S., Eble, G. J., and Neige, P.: Allometric space and allometric
disparity: A developmental perspective in the macroevolutionary analysis of
morphological disparity, Evolution, 62, 1450–1457, 2008.
Görög, Á., Szinger, B., Tóth, E., and Viszkok, J.:
Methodology of the micro-computer tomography on foraminifera, Palaeontol.
Electron., 15, 1–15, 2012.
Gould, S. J. A. Y.: Trends as Changes in Variance?: A New Slant on Progress
and Directionality in Evolution, J. Paleontol., 62, 319–329, 1988.
Gradstein, F. M.: The planktonic foraminifera of the Jurassic, Part III:
annotated historical review and references, Swiss J. Palaeontol., 136,
273–285, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13358-017-0130-0, 2017.
Gradstein, F., Gale, A., Kopaevich, L., Waskowska, A., Grigelis, A., and
Glinskikh, L.: The planktonic foraminifera of the Jurassic, Part I: material
and taxonomy, Swiss J. Palaeontol., 136, 187–257, 2017a.
Gradstein, F., Gale, A., Kopaevich, L., Waskowska, A., Grigelis, A.,
Glinskikh, L., and Görög, Á.: The planktonic foraminifera of the
Jurassic. Part II: Stratigraphy, palaeoecology and palaeobiogeography, Swiss
J. Palaeontol., 136, 259–271, 2017b.
Grigelis, A. A.: Globigerina oxfordiana sp. n. – an occurrence of Globigerina in the Upper Jurassic deposits of Lithuania. Nauchnyye Doklady Vysshey Shkoly, Geol-Geogr Nauki, 1958, 109–111, 1958.
Grigoratou, M., Monteiro, F. M., Schmidt, D. N., Wilson, J. D., Ward, B. A., and Ridgwell, A.: A trait-based modelling approach to planktonic foraminifera ecology, Biogeosciences, 16, 1469–1492, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-1469-2019, 2019.
Hallam, A.: A review of the broad pattern of Jurassic sea-level changes and
their possible causes in the light of current knowledge, Palaeogeogr.
Palaeocl, 167, 23–37, 2001.
Hecht, A. D.: An ecologic model for test size variation recent planktonic
foraminifera: application to the fossil record, J. Foraminifer. Res., 6,
295–311, 1976.
Hecht, A. D., Bé, A. W., and Lott, L.: Ecologic and paleoclimatic
implications of morphologic variation of Orbulina universa in the Indian Ocean, Science, 194, 422–424, 1976.
Hemleben, C., Spindler, M., and Anderson, O. R.: Modern Planktonic
Foraminifera, Springer-Verlag, New York, 363 pp., 1989.
Huber, B. T.: Ontogenetic morphometrics of some Late Cretaceous trochospiral
planktonic foraminifera from the Austral Realm, Smithson. Contrib.
Paleobiol., 85 pp., https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810266.77.85, 1994.
Kendall, S., Gradstein, F., Jones, C., Lord, O. T., and Schmidt, D. N.: Ontogenetic disparity in early planktic foraminifers, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.908790, 2019a.
Kendall, S., Gradstein, F., Jones, C., Lord, O. T., and Schmid, D. N.: Ontogenetic disparity in early planktic foraminifers, https://doi.org/10.5523/bris.1lsl62bxefmsx2rilr389289cw,
2019b.
Kiørboe, T.: Zooplankton feeding rates and bioenergetics, in A
Mechanistic Approach to Plankton Ecology, Princeton University
Press, 101–121, 2008.
Kooistra, W. H. C. F., Gersonde, R., Medlin, L. K., and Mann, D. G.: The
Origin and Evolution of the Diatoms, in Evolution of Primary Producers in
the Sea, Academic Press, 207–249, 2007.
Kucera, M.: Planktonic Foraminifera as Tracers of Past Oceanic Environments,
Dev. Mar. Geol., 1, 213–262, 2007.
Malmgren, B. A. and Kennett, J. P.: Biometric analysis of phenotypic
variation in recent Globigerina bulloides d'Orbigny in the Southern Indian Ocean, Mar.
Micropaleontol., 1, 3–25, 1976.
McKinney, M. L.: Ecological Causation of Heterochrony?: A Test and
Implications for Evolutionary Theory, Paleobiology, 12, 282–289, 1986.
McNamara, K. J.: A Guide to the Nomenclature of Heterochrony, J. Paleontol.,
60, 4–13, 1986.
McNamara, K. J. and McKinney, M. L.: Heterochrony, disparity, and
macroevolution, Paleobiology, 31, 17–26, 2005.
Morozova, V. G. and Moskalenko, T. A.: Foraminiferes planctoniques des depots limitrophes du Bajocien et du Bathonien du Daghestan central (Nord-Est du Caucase), Voprosy Mikropaleontologii, 5, 3–30, 1961.
Pazdrowa, O.: Bathonian Globigerina of Poland, Rocznik Polskiego Towarzystwa Geologicznego, 39, 41–56, 1969.
Perch-Nielsen, K., Saunders, J. B., and Bolli, H. M.: Plankton stratigraphy,
Cambridge University Press, 1032 pp., 1985.
Renaud, S. and Schmidt, D. N.: Habitat tracking as a response of the
planktic foraminifer Globorotalia truncatulinoides to environmental fluctuations during the last 140 kyr,
Mar. Micropaleontol., 49, 97–122, 2003.
Röhl, H.-J., Schmid-Röhl, A., Oschmann, W., Frimmel, A., and Schwark,
L.: The Posidonia Shale (Lower Toarcian) of SW-Germany: an oxygen-depleted
ecosystem controlled by sea level and palaeoclimate, Palaeogeogr.
Palaeocl., 165, 27–52, 2001.
Schmidt, D. N., Thierstein, H. R., and Bollmann, J.: The evolutionary history
of size variation of planktic foraminiferal assemblages in the Cenozoic,
Palaeogeogr. Palaeocl., 212, 159–180, 2004.
Schmidt, D. N., Lazarus, D., Young, J. R., and Kucera, M.: Biogeography and
evolution of body size in marine plankton, Earth-Sci. Rev., 78,
239–266, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2006.05.004, 2006.
Schmidt, D. N., Rayfield, E. J., Cocking, A., and Marone, F.: Linking
evolution and development: Synchrotron Radiation X-ray tomographic
microscopy of planktic foraminifers, Palaeontology, 56, 741–749, 2013.
Schmidt, D. N., Caromel, A. G. M., Seki, O., Rae, J. W. B., and Renaud, S.:
Morphological response of planktic foraminifers to habitat modifications
associated with the emergence of the Isthmus of Panama, Mar.
Micropaleontol., 128, 28–38, 2016.
Signes, M., Bijma, J., Hemleben, C., and Ott, R.: A Model for Planktic
Foraminiferal Shell Growth, Paleobiology, 19, 71–91, 1993.
Stanley, S. M.: An explanation for Cope's Rule, Evolution, 27,
1–26, 1973.
Tyszka, J.: Morphospace of foraminiferal shells: Results from the moving
reference model, Lethaia, 39, 1–12, https://doi.org/10.1080/00241160600575808, 2006.
Urmos, J., Sharma, S. K., and Mackenzie, F. T.: Characterization of some
biogenic carbonates with Raman spectroscopy, Am. Mineral., 76, 641–646,
1991.
Short summary
Changes in morphology during development can have profound impacts on an organism but are hard to quantify as we lack preservation in the fossil record. As they grow by adding chambers, planktic foraminifera are an ideal group to study changes in growth in development. We analyse four different species of Jurassic foraminifers using a micro-CT scanner. The low morphological variability suggests that strong constraints, described in the modern ocean, were already acting on Jurassic specimens.
Changes in morphology during development can have profound impacts on an organism but are hard...