Articles | Volume 40, issue 2
https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-40-145-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-40-145-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
28 Sep 2021
Research article |
| 28 Sep 2021
| 28 Sep 2021
Upper Eocene planktonic foraminifera from northern Saudi Arabia: implications for stratigraphic ranges
Department of Earth Sciences, University College London, Gower Street,
London, WC1E 6BT, UK
Mohammed H. Aljahdali
Marine Geology Department, Faculty of Marine Sciences, King Abdulaziz
University, P.O. Box 80200, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
Yahya A. Mufrreh
Saudi Geological Survey, Department of Sedimentary Geology, Jeddah,
Saudi Arabia
Abdullah M. Memesh
Saudi Geological Survey, Department of Paleontology, Jeddah, Saudi
Arabia
Salih A. AlSoubhi
Saudi Geological Survey, Department of Sedimentary Geology, Jeddah,
Saudi Arabia
Iyad S. Zalmout
Saudi Geological Survey, Department of Sedimentary Geology, Jeddah,
Saudi Arabia
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Short summary
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Planktonic foraminifera are marine plankton that have a long and continuous fossil record. They are used for correlating and dating ocean sediments and studying evolution and past climates. This paper presents new information about Pulleniatina, one of the most widespread and abundant groups, from an important site in the Pacific Ocean. It also brings together a very large amount of information on the fossil record from other sites globally.
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Planktonic foraminifera are microscopic single-celled organisms populating world oceans. They have one of the most complete fossil records; thanks to their great abundance, they are widely used to study past marine environments. We analysed and measured series of foraminifera shells from Indo-Pacific sites, which led to the description of a new species of fossil planktonic foraminifera. Part of its population exhibits pink pigmentation, which is only the third such case among known species.
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Short summary
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The microscopic shells of planktonic foraminifera accumulate on the sea floor over millions of years, providing a rich archive for understanding the history of the oceans. We examined an extinct group that flourished between about 63 and 32 million years ago using scanning electron microscopy and show that they were covered with needle-like spines in life. This has implications for analytical methods that we use to determine past seawater temperature and acidity.
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Short summary
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Short summary
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Geosci. Model Dev., 12, 3149–3206, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-12-3149-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-12-3149-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
The Deep-Time Model Intercomparison Project (DeepMIP) is a model–data intercomparison of the early Eocene (around 55 million years ago), the last time that Earth's atmospheric CO2 concentrations exceeded 1000 ppm. Previously, we outlined the experimental design for climate model simulations. Here, we outline the methods used for compilation and analysis of climate proxy data. The resulting climate
atlaswill provide insights into the mechanisms that control past warm climate states.
Isabel S. Fenton, Ulrike Baranowski, Flavia Boscolo-Galazzo, Hannah Cheales, Lyndsey Fox, David J. King, Christina Larkin, Marcin Latas, Diederik Liebrand, C. Giles Miller, Katrina Nilsson-Kerr, Emanuela Piga, Hazel Pugh, Serginio Remmelzwaal, Zoe A. Roseby, Yvonne M. Smith, Stephen Stukins, Ben Taylor, Adam Woodhouse, Savannah Worne, Paul N. Pearson, Christopher R. Poole, Bridget S. Wade, and Andy Purvis
J. Micropalaeontol., 37, 431–443, https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-37-431-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-37-431-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
In this study we investigate consistency in species-level identifications and whether disagreements are predictable. Twenty-three scientists identified a set of 100 planktonic foraminifera, noting their confidence in each identification. The median accuracy of students was 57 %; 79 % for experienced researchers. Where they were confident in the identifications, the values are 75 % and 93 %, respectively. Accuracy was significantly higher if the students had been taught how to identify species.
Helen M. Beddow, Diederik Liebrand, Douglas S. Wilson, Frits J. Hilgen, Appy Sluijs, Bridget S. Wade, and Lucas J. Lourens
Clim. Past, 14, 255–270, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-255-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-255-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
We present two astronomy-based timescales for climate records from the Pacific Ocean. These records range from 24 to 22 million years ago, a time period when Earth was warmer than today and the only land ice was located on Antarctica. We use tectonic plate-pair spreading rates to test the two timescales, which shows that the carbonate record yields the best timescale. In turn, this implies that Earth’s climate system and carbon cycle responded slowly to changes in incoming solar radiation.
Daniel J. Lunt, Matthew Huber, Eleni Anagnostou, Michiel L. J. Baatsen, Rodrigo Caballero, Rob DeConto, Henk A. Dijkstra, Yannick Donnadieu, David Evans, Ran Feng, Gavin L. Foster, Ed Gasson, Anna S. von der Heydt, Chris J. Hollis, Gordon N. Inglis, Stephen M. Jones, Jeff Kiehl, Sandy Kirtland Turner, Robert L. Korty, Reinhardt Kozdon, Srinath Krishnan, Jean-Baptiste Ladant, Petra Langebroek, Caroline H. Lear, Allegra N. LeGrande, Kate Littler, Paul Markwick, Bette Otto-Bliesner, Paul Pearson, Christopher J. Poulsen, Ulrich Salzmann, Christine Shields, Kathryn Snell, Michael Stärz, James Super, Clay Tabor, Jessica E. Tierney, Gregory J. L. Tourte, Aradhna Tripati, Garland R. Upchurch, Bridget S. Wade, Scott L. Wing, Arne M. E. Winguth, Nicky M. Wright, James C. Zachos, and Richard E. Zeebe
Geosci. Model Dev., 10, 889–901, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-10-889-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-10-889-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
In this paper we describe the experimental design for a set of simulations which will be carried out by a range of climate models, all investigating the climate of the Eocene, about 50 million years ago. The intercomparison of model results is called 'DeepMIP', and we anticipate that we will contribute to the next IPCC report through an analysis of these simulations and the geological data to which we will compare them.
David Evans, Bridget S. Wade, Michael Henehan, Jonathan Erez, and Wolfgang Müller
Clim. Past, 12, 819–835, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-819-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-819-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
We show that seawater pH exerts a substantial control on planktic foraminifera Mg / Ca, a widely applied palaeothermometer. As a result, temperature reconstructions based on this proxy are likely inaccurate over climatic events associated with a significant change in pH. We examine the implications of our findings for hydrological and temperature shifts over the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum and for the degree of surface ocean precursor cooling before the Eocene-Oligocene transition.
Related subject area
Planktic foraminifera
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Biochronology and evolution of Pulleniatina (planktonic foraminifera)
Globigerinoides rublobatus – a new species of Pleistocene planktonic foraminifera
Analysing planktonic foraminiferal growth in three dimensions with foram3D: an R package for automated trait measurements from CT scans
Spine-like structures in Paleogene muricate planktonic foraminifera
Taxonomic review of living planktonic foraminifera
Jurassic planktic foraminifera from the Polish Basin
Automated analysis of foraminifera fossil records by image classification using a convolutional neural network
Middle Jurassic (Bajocian) planktonic foraminifera from the northwest Australian margin
Ontogenetic disparity in early planktic foraminifers
Seasonal and interannual variability in population dynamics of planktic foraminifers off Puerto Rico (Caribbean Sea)
Calcification depth of deep-dwelling planktonic foraminifera from the eastern North Atlantic constrained by stable oxygen isotope ratios of shells from stratified plankton tows
Reproducibility of species recognition in modern planktonic foraminifera and its implications for analyses of community structure
Factors affecting consistency and accuracy in identifying modern macroperforate planktonic foraminifera
Julia L. Seidenstein, R. Mark Leckie, Robert McKay, Laura De Santis, David Harwood, and IODP Expedition 374 Scientists
J. Micropalaeontol., 43, 211–238, https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-43-211-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-43-211-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Warmer waters in the Southern Ocean have led to the loss of Antarctic ice during past interglacial times. The shells of foraminifera are preserved in Ross Sea sediment, which is collected in cores. Benthic species from Site U1523 inform us about changing water masses and current activity, including incursions of Circumpolar Deep Water. Warm water planktic species were found in sediment samples from four intervals within 3.72–1.82 million years ago, indicating warmer than present conditions.
Alessio Fabbrini, Maria Rose Petrizzo, Isabella Premoli Silva, Luca M. Foresi, and Bridget S. Wade
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Short summary
Short summary
We report on the rediscovery of Globigerina bollii, a planktonic foraminifer described by Cita and Premoli Silva (1960) in the Mediterranean Basin. We redescribe G. bollii as a valid species belonging to the genus Globoturborotalita. We report and summarise all the recordings of the taxon in the scientific literature. Then we discuss how the taxon might be a palaeogeographical indicator of the intermittent gateways between the Mediterranean Sea, Paratethys, and Indian Ocean.
Paul N. Pearson, Jeremy Young, David J. King, and Bridget S. Wade
J. Micropalaeontol., 42, 211–255, https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-42-211-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-42-211-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Planktonic foraminifera are marine plankton that have a long and continuous fossil record. They are used for correlating and dating ocean sediments and studying evolution and past climates. This paper presents new information about Pulleniatina, one of the most widespread and abundant groups, from an important site in the Pacific Ocean. It also brings together a very large amount of information on the fossil record from other sites globally.
Marcin Latas, Paul N. Pearson, Christopher R. Poole, Alessio Fabbrini, and Bridget S. Wade
J. Micropalaeontol., 42, 57–81, https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-42-57-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-42-57-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Planktonic foraminifera are microscopic single-celled organisms populating world oceans. They have one of the most complete fossil records; thanks to their great abundance, they are widely used to study past marine environments. We analysed and measured series of foraminifera shells from Indo-Pacific sites, which led to the description of a new species of fossil planktonic foraminifera. Part of its population exhibits pink pigmentation, which is only the third such case among known species.
Anieke Brombacher, Alex Searle-Barnes, Wenshu Zhang, and Thomas H. G. Ezard
J. Micropalaeontol., 41, 149–164, https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-41-149-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-41-149-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Foraminifera are sand-grain-sized marine organisms that build spiral shells. When they die, the shells sink to the sea floor where they are preserved for millions of years. We wrote a software package that automatically analyses the fossil spirals to learn about evolution of new shapes in the geological past. With this software we will be able to analyse larger datasets than we currently can, which will improve our understanding of the evolution of new species.
Paul N. Pearson, Eleanor John, Bridget S. Wade, Simon D'haenens, and Caroline H. Lear
J. Micropalaeontol., 41, 107–127, https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-41-107-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-41-107-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The microscopic shells of planktonic foraminifera accumulate on the sea floor over millions of years, providing a rich archive for understanding the history of the oceans. We examined an extinct group that flourished between about 63 and 32 million years ago using scanning electron microscopy and show that they were covered with needle-like spines in life. This has implications for analytical methods that we use to determine past seawater temperature and acidity.
Geert-Jan A. Brummer and Michal Kučera
J. Micropalaeontol., 41, 29–74, https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-41-29-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-41-29-2022, 2022
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To aid researchers working with living planktonic foraminifera, we provide a comprehensive review of names that we consider appropriate for extant species. We discuss the reasons for the decisions we made and provide a list of species and genus-level names as well as other names that have been used in the past but are considered inappropriate for living taxa, stating the reasons.
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Ross Marchant, Martin Tetard, Adnya Pratiwi, Michael Adebayo, and Thibault de Garidel-Thoron
J. Micropalaeontol., 39, 183–202, https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-39-183-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-39-183-2020, 2020
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Foraminifera are marine microorganisms with a calcium carbonate shell. Their fossil remains build up on the seafloor, forming kilometres of sediment over time. From analysis of the foraminiferal record we can estimate past climate conditions and the geological history of the Earth. We have developed an artificial intelligence system for automatically identifying foraminifera species, replacing the time-consuming manual approach and thus helping to make these analyses more efficient and accurate.
Marjorie Apthorpe
J. Micropalaeontol., 39, 93–115, https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-39-93-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-39-93-2020, 2020
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Three well-preserved new species of Middle Jurassic (Bajocian) planktonic foraminifera from the continental margin of northwest Australia are described. This is on the southern shelf of the Tethys Ocean, and these planktonics are the first to be reported from the Jurassic Southern Hemisphere. Described as new are Globuligerina bathoniana australiana n. ssp., G. altissapertura n. sp. and Mermaidogerina loopae n. gen. n. sp. The research is part of a study of regional Jurassic foraminifera.
Sophie Kendall, Felix Gradstein, Christopher Jones, Oliver T. Lord, and Daniela N. Schmidt
J. Micropalaeontol., 39, 27–39, https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-39-27-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-39-27-2020, 2020
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Changes in morphology during development can have profound impacts on an organism but are hard to quantify as we lack preservation in the fossil record. As they grow by adding chambers, planktic foraminifera are an ideal group to study changes in growth in development. We analyse four different species of Jurassic foraminifers using a micro-CT scanner. The low morphological variability suggests that strong constraints, described in the modern ocean, were already acting on Jurassic specimens.
Anna Jentzen, Joachim Schönfeld, Agnes K. M. Weiner, Manuel F. G. Weinkauf, Dirk Nürnberg, and Michal Kučera
J. Micropalaeontol., 38, 231–247, https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-38-231-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-38-231-2019, 2019
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The study assessed the population dynamics of living planktic foraminifers on a weekly, seasonal, and interannual timescale off the coast of Puerto Rico to improve our understanding of short- and long-term variations. The results indicate a seasonal change of the faunal composition, and over the last decades. Lower standing stocks and lower stable carbon isotope values of foraminifers in shallow waters can be linked to the hurricane Sandy, which passed the Greater Antilles during autumn 2012.
Andreia Rebotim, Antje Helga Luise Voelker, Lukas Jonkers, Joanna J. Waniek, Michael Schulz, and Michal Kucera
J. Micropalaeontol., 38, 113–131, https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-38-113-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-38-113-2019, 2019
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To reconstruct subsurface water conditions using deep-dwelling planktonic foraminifera, we must fully understand how the oxygen isotope signal incorporates into their shell. We report δ18O in four species sampled in the eastern North Atlantic with plankton tows. We assess the size and crust effect on the isotopic δ18O and compared them with predictions from two equations. We reveal different patterns of calcite addition with depth, highlighting the need to perform species-specific calibrations.
Nadia Al-Sabouni, Isabel S. Fenton, Richard J. Telford, and Michal Kučera
J. Micropalaeontol., 37, 519–534, https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-37-519-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-37-519-2018, 2018
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In this study we investigate consistency in species-level identifications and whether disagreements are predictable. Overall, 21 researchers from across the globe identified sets of 300 specimens or digital images of planktonic foraminifera. Digital identifications tended to be more disparate. Participants trained by the same person often had more similar identifications. Disagreements hardly affected transfer-function temperature estimates but produced larger differences in diversity metrics.
Isabel S. Fenton, Ulrike Baranowski, Flavia Boscolo-Galazzo, Hannah Cheales, Lyndsey Fox, David J. King, Christina Larkin, Marcin Latas, Diederik Liebrand, C. Giles Miller, Katrina Nilsson-Kerr, Emanuela Piga, Hazel Pugh, Serginio Remmelzwaal, Zoe A. Roseby, Yvonne M. Smith, Stephen Stukins, Ben Taylor, Adam Woodhouse, Savannah Worne, Paul N. Pearson, Christopher R. Poole, Bridget S. Wade, and Andy Purvis
J. Micropalaeontol., 37, 431–443, https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-37-431-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-37-431-2018, 2018
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In this study we investigate consistency in species-level identifications and whether disagreements are predictable. Twenty-three scientists identified a set of 100 planktonic foraminifera, noting their confidence in each identification. The median accuracy of students was 57 %; 79 % for experienced researchers. Where they were confident in the identifications, the values are 75 % and 93 %, respectively. Accuracy was significantly higher if the students had been taught how to identify species.
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Short summary
We examined the planktonic foraminifera (calcareous zooplankton) from a section in northern Saudi Arabia. We found the assemblages to be diverse, well-preserved and of late Eocene age. Our study provides new insights into the stratigraphic ranges of many species and indicates that the late Eocene had a higher tropical/subtropical diversity of planktonic foraminifera than previously reported.
We examined the planktonic foraminifera (calcareous zooplankton) from a section in northern...
