Articles | Volume 41, issue 2
https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-41-107-2022
https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-41-107-2022
Research article
 | 
01 Aug 2022
Research article |  | 01 Aug 2022

Spine-like structures in Paleogene muricate planktonic foraminifera

Paul N. Pearson, Eleanor John, Bridget S. Wade, Simon D'haenens, and Caroline H. Lear

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Cited articles

Anagnostou, E., John, E. H., Edgar, K. M., Foster, G. L., Ridgwell, A., Inglis, G. N., Pancost, R. D., Lunt, D. J., and Pearson, P. N.: Atmospheric CO2 concentration was the primary driver of early Cenozoic climate, Nature, 533, 380–384, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature17423, 2016. 
Anagnostou, E., John, E. H., Babila, T. L., Sexton, P. F., Ridgwell, A., Lunt, D. J., Pearson, P. N., Chalk, T. B., Pancost, R. D., and Foster, G. L.: Proxy evidence for state-dependence of climate sensitivity in the Eocene greenhouse, Nat. Commun., 11, 1–9, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-17887-x, 2020. 
André, A., Quillévéré, F., Morard, R., Ujiié, Y., Escarguel, G., de Vargas, C., de Garidel-Thoron, T., Douady, C. J., and Ketmaier, V.: SSU rDNA divergence in planktonic Foraminifera: molecular taxonomy and biogeographic implications, PLoS ONE, 2014, 0104641, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0104641, 2014. 
Aze, T., Ezard, T. H. G., Purvis, A., Coxall, H. K., Stewart, D. R. M., Wade, B. S., and Pearson, P. N.: A phylogeny of Cenozoic macroperforate planktonic foraminifera from fossil data, Biol. Rev., 86, 900–927, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-185X.2011.00178.x, 2011. 
Aze, T., Pearson, P. N., Dickson, A. J., Badger, M. P. S., Bown, P. R., Pancost, R. D., Gibbs, S. J., Huber, B. T., Leng, M. J., Coe, A. S., Cohen, A. S., and Foster, G. L.: Extreme warming of tropical waters during the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum, Geology, 42, 739–742, https://doi.org/10.1130/G35637.1, 2014. 
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Short summary
The microscopic shells of planktonic foraminifera accumulate on the sea floor over millions of years, providing a rich archive for understanding the history of the oceans. We examined an extinct group that flourished between about 63 and 32 million years ago using scanning electron microscopy and show that they were covered with needle-like spines in life. This has implications for analytical methods that we use to determine past seawater temperature and acidity.